Editing Neocolonialism (section)

=== Origins ===
When first proposed, the term neocolonialism was applied to European countries' continued economic and cultural relationships with their former colonies, those African countries that had been liberated in the aftermath of [[World War II|Second World War]]. At the 1962 [[National Union of Popular Forces]] conference, [[Mehdi Ben Barka]], the Moroccan political organizer and later chair of the [[Tricontinental Conference 1966]], used the term ''al-isti'mar al-jadid'' ({{Langx|ar|الاستعمار الجديد}} "the new colonialism") to describe the political trends in Africa in the early sixties.<ref>{{Cite book |script-title=ar:الاختيار الثوري في المغرب |title=alaikhtiar althawriu fi almaghrib |language=ar |trans-title=The revolutionary choice in Morocco |publisher=دار الطليعة، |oclc=754752436}}</ref>
{{Quote box
| quote = {{lang|ar|الاستعمار الجديد عبارة عن سياسة تعمل من جهة على منح الاستقلال السياسي، وعند الاقتضاء إنشاء دول مصطنعة لا حظ لها في وجود ذاتي، ومن جهة أخرى، تعمل على تقديم مساعدات مصحوبة بوعود تحقيق رفاهية تكون قواعدها في الحقيقة خارج القارة الإفريقية.}}<br />

"Neo-colonialism is a policy that functions on one hand through granting political independence and, when necessary, creating artificial states that have no chance of sovereignty, and on the other hand, through providing 'assistance' accompanied by promises of achieving prosperity, though its bases are in fact outside the African continent."
| source = [[Mehdi Ben Barka]], ''The Revolutionary Option in Morocco'' (May 1962)
}}

[[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Kwame Nkrumah]] (pictured on a Soviet postage stamp), president of [[Ghana]] (1960–1966), coined the term "neocolonialism".]]
[[Kwame Nkrumah]], president of [[Ghana]] from 1960 to 1966, is credited with coining the term, which appeared in the 1963 preamble of the [[Organisation of African Unity]] Charter, and was the title of his 1965 book, ''[[Neo-Colonialism, The Last Stage of Imperialism]]''.<ref name="Arnold2010">{{cite book |first=Guy |last=Arnold |author-link=Guy Arnold |title=The A to Z of the Non-Aligned Movement and Third World |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=4b4aAAAAQBAJ|page=108}} |date=April 6, 2010 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-1-4616-7231-9 |page=108}}</ref>  In his book the President of Ghana exposes the workings of International monopoly capitalism in Africa. For him Neo-colonialism, insidious and complex, is even more dangerous than the old colonialism and shows how meaningless political freedom can be without economic independence. Nkrumah theoretically developed and extended to the post–World War II 20th century the socio-economic and political arguments presented by [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] in the pamphlet ''[[Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism]]'' (1917). The pamphlet frames 19th-century imperialism as the logical extension of [[geopolitics|geopolitical]] power, to meet the financial investment needs of the [[political economy]] of [[capitalism]].<ref>{{Cite book |first=Vladimir |last=Lenin |author-link=Vladimir Lenin |title=Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism |date=1916 |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/index.htm |access-date=August 27, 2021 |via=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

In ''Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism'', Kwame Nkrumah wrote:

{{Blockquote|
In place of colonialism, as the main instrument of imperialism, we have today neo-colonialism ... [which] like colonialism, is an attempt to export the social conflicts of the capitalist countries.&nbsp;...

The result of neo-colonialism is that foreign capital is used for the [[Exploitation of labour|exploitation]] rather than for the development of the less developed parts of the world. Investment, under neo-colonialism, increases, rather than decreases, the gap between the rich and the poor countries of the world. The struggle against neo-colonialism is not aimed at excluding the capital of the developed world from operating in less developed countries. It is also dubious in consideration of the name given being strongly related to the concept of colonialism itself. It is aimed at preventing the financial power of the developed countries being used in such a way as to impoverish the less developed.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism |first=Kwame |last=Nkrumah |author-link=Kwame Nkrumah |url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nkrumah/neo-colonialism/introduction.htm |access-date=August 27, 2021 |via=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
The essence of neo-colonialism is that the State which is subject to it is, in theory, independent and has all the outward trappings of international sovereignty. In reality its economic system and thus its political policy is directed from outside. |author=|title=}}