Editing Navel piercing (section)

==Culture==

The navel piercing is one of the most prevalent body piercings today.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marc Oxoby |url={{GBurl|id=vCgM4VYsph8C|p=117}} |title=The 1990s American popular culture through history |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2003 |isbn=0-313-31615-5|page=117 |access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> [[Popular culture|Pop culture]] has played a large role in the promotion of the navel piercing.<ref name="k428">{{cite web | last=Kaufman | first=Michael T. | title=ABOUT NEW YORK; The Adorned Body: Who? How? Why? | website=The New York Times | date=1994-11-12 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/12/nyregion/about-new-york-the-adorned-body-who-how-why.html?searchResultPosition=4 | access-date=2024-10-02}}</ref><ref name="Kim 2024 c296">{{cite web | last=Kim | first=Irene | title=Pop Stars Are Bringing Back the Beloved '90s Belly Button Piercing in 2024 | website=Vogue | date=2024-03-11 | url=https://www.vogue.com/article/pop-stars-are-bringing-back-the-beloved-90s-belly-button-piercing-in-2024 | access-date=2024-03-16}}</ref> The navel piercing first hit the mainstream when model [[Christy Turlington]] and [[Naomi Campbell]] revealed their navel piercings at a fashion show in [[London]] in 1993.<ref>{{cite news|title=RUNWAYS; Fetish or Fashion?|work=The New York Times |date=November 21, 1993 |access-date=September 23, 2023|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/21/style/runways-fetish-or-fashion.html |last1=Menkes |first1=Suzy }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2021-08-19 |title=Navel-Gazing: Britney Spears, Belly Buttons, and Me |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/08/navel-gazing-britney-spears-belly-buttons-and-me |access-date=2024-01-07 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en}}</ref> The popularization of the piercing, however, is accredited to the 1993 [[Aerosmith]] music video for their song "[[Cryin' (Aerosmith song)|Cryin']]", wherein [[Alicia Silverstone]] has her navel pierced by body piercer Paul King.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aerosmith - BME Encyclopedia |url=http://wiki.bmezine.com/index.php?title=Aerosmith&printable=yes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210075845/http://wiki.bmezine.com/index.php?title=Aerosmith&printable=yes |archive-date=2012-02-10 |access-date=2012-02-19 |website=[[BMEzine]]}}</ref> Another pop culture icon credited with launching the navel piercing into the mainstream is [[Britney Spears]] who prominently displayed the piercing in her album [[...Baby One More Time (album)|...Baby One More Time]] and at the [[2001 MTV Video Music Awards]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=August 19, 2021 |title=Navel-Gazing: Britney Spears, Belly Buttons, and Me |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/08/navel-gazing-britney-spears-belly-buttons-and-me |access-date=January 7, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair}}</ref><ref name="z542">{{cite web | last=Citrus | first=Dajve | title=Queen of the Ring: The Cultural History of Britney Spears' Belly Button Piercing | website=Belly, Inc. | date=2017-09-08 | url=https://www.bellyinc.com/2017/09/08/queen-of-the-ring-the-cultural-history-of-britney-spears-belly-button-piercing/ | access-date=2024-09-21}}</ref><ref name="o142">{{cite web | last=Carney | first=Jessica | title=Britney Spears Freed the Belly. Britney might not be free today, but… | website=Medium | date=2020-09-03 | url=https://medium.com/indelible-ink/britney-spears-freed-the-belly-b7eab04dd043 | access-date=2024-09-21}}</ref> As of 2023, other celebrities including [[Dua Lipa]], [[Megan Thee Stallion]], [[Vanessa Hudgens]], [[Miley Cyrus]], and [[Normani]] continue to wear navel piercings.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.popsugar.com/beauty/celebrity-belly-button-piercings-48827651 | title=Belly-Button Piercings Are Back — and These Celebrities Are Proof | date=May 17, 2022 }}</ref> Navel jewelry was a popular trend during the late 1990s and early 2000s, and while it declined in popularity in the 2010s, celebrities including [[Addison Rae]], [[Doja Cat]], and [[Billie Eilish]] have continued to popularize the piercing in the 2020s.<ref name="Kim 2024 c296" /> A comeback of the navel piercing was also signaled by [[Kim Kardashian]] who re-pierced her navel in 2024.<ref name="e267">{{cite web | last=Bonner | first=Mehera | title=Kim Kardashian Reveals Belly Button Piercing | website=Cosmopolitan | date=2024-11-19 | url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/a62949253/kim-kardashian-belly-button-piercing/ | access-date=2024-11-22}}</ref><ref name="h435">{{cite web | last=Flam | first=Charna | title=Kim Kardashian Brings Back Her '00s Belly Button Piercing | website=People.com | date=2024-11-19 | url=https://people.com/kim-kardashian-brings-back-her-00s-belly-button-piercing-8748436 | access-date=2024-11-22}}</ref> South African popstar [[Tyla]], known for her [[Y2K fashion|Y2K-inspired fashion]], has prominently featured her navel piercing in performances and public appearances, including her 2024 Olympic Games prelude performance.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mahoro |first=Georgina |title=Tyla Wears a Crystal-Covered Naked Dress for the Olympics Prelude Performance |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/tyla-prelude-2024-olympics |website=Vogue |date=2024-07-25 |access-date=2025-04-15}}</ref>

A 2022 study found that women are primarily motivated to pierce their navels due to a desire to enhance body image and that a navel piercing can, in turn, significantly improve bodily self-perception.<ref name="s798">{{cite journal | last=Coleman | first=Christine | last2=Gillmeister | first2=Helge | title=Body image and self-perception in women with navel piercings | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=17 | issue=9 | date=2022-09-09 | issn=1932-6203 | pmid=36083973 | pmc=9462717 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0274099 | doi-access=free | page=e0274099}}</ref> The study further found that navel piercings become strongly, and beneficially, integrated into women’s bodily self-image and that the piercing may be seen as an expression of care that can help reduce self-harming thoughts and behavior.<ref name="s798" />

According to a 2005 survey of 10,503 people in England, 33% of the respondents had navel piercing making it the top [[body piercing]] site.<ref name="BMJ">{{harv|Bone|Ncube|Nichols|Noah|2008|pp=1426–1428}}</ref>