Editing Nagoya (section)

== History ==
{{For timeline}}

===Origins===
;Jōmon period
In the [[Jōmon period|Jomon]] and [[Yayoi period]], the [[Ōguruwa Shell Midden]] was discovered before the settlement of Nagoya. 
;Kofun period
In the [[Kofun period]], Nagoya was settled and the [[Danpusan Kofun]] and Shiratori Kofun was built in this area. The [[Atsuta Shrine]] is of ancient origin, it is home to the [[Imperial Regalia of Japan]], the legendary sword ''[[Kusanagi no Tsurugi]]''. According to traditional sources, [[Yamato Takeru]] died in 113 AD. The possessions of the dead prince were gathered together along with the sword Kusanagi; and his widow venerated his memory in a shrine at her home.
<gallery mode="packed" style="text-align: center;" heights="130" perrow="3" caption="The Origins of Nagoya">
File:Oguruwa Kaizuka 20160815.jpg|The [[Ōguruwa Shell Midden]] was discovered before the settlement.
File:Atsuta Shrine.jpg|The [[Atsuta Shrine]], which dates back to c. 100 AD and houses the holy sword [[Kusanagi no Tsurugi|Kusanagi]], one of the [[Imperial Regalia of Japan]]
File:Danpusan Kofun zenkei.JPG|The [[Danpusan Kofun]] was built in the 6th century.
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;Heian period
The [[Seigan-ji (Atsuta-ku, Nagoya)|Seigan-ji]] was built by the [[Fujiwara clan]] in the late [[Heian period]]. A member served as the head priest of the nearby Atsuta Shrine, one of the legendary shrines of Japan. It is believed that Yura-Gozen, also known as Urahime, a daughter of [[Fujiwara no Suenori]], was married to [[Minamoto no Yoshitomo]] (1123–60) and their son [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]]'s birthplace is Nagoya, he is also the founder of the [[Kamakura shogunate]].
<gallery mode="packed" style="text-align: center;" heights="130" perrow="3">
File:Seigan-ji (Nagoya) sanmon.JPG|The [[Seigan-ji (Atsuta-ku, Nagoya)|Seigan-ji former family villa]] was the birthplace of [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]], founder of the [[Kamakura Shogunate]].
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===Feudal period===
;Azuchi–Momoyama period
[[Oda Nobunaga]] and his protégés [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] and [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] were powerful warlords based in the Nagoya area who gradually succeeded in unifying Japan. In 1610, Tokugawa Ieyasu moved the capital of [[Owari Province]] from Kiyosu, about {{convert|7|km|mi|frac=2|spell=in|abbr=off|}} away, to a more strategic location in present-day Nagoya.

In May–June 1560, the [[Battle of Okehazama]] took place in Dengakuhazama, [[Owari Province]] which was just outside of what would become Nagoya city. In this battle, [[Oda Nobunaga]] defeated [[Imagawa Yoshimoto]] and established himself as one of the leading warlords in the [[Sengoku period]].<ref>A Military History of Japan by John Kuehn p. 102</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" style="text-align: center;" heights="130px" perrow="3" caption="Historical Figures of Nagoya">
File:Oda Nobunaga statue in Kiyosu park.jpg|[[Oda Nobunaga]]
File:Jousenji２.JPG|[[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]]
File:Bishū Okehazama-gassen.jpg|[[Battle of Okehazama]] (May–June 1560)
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===Early modern period===
During this period [[Nagoya Castle]] was constructed, built partly from materials taken from [[Kiyosu Castle]]. During the construction, the entire town around Kiyosu Castle, consisting of around 60,000 people, moved from Kiyosu to the newly planned town around Nagoya Castle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kiyosu Castle |url=http://www.city.kiyosu.aichi.jp/en/sightseeing01.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209191819/http://www.city.kiyosu.aichi.jp/en/sightseeing01.html |archive-date=2008-02-09 |access-date=2007-05-01}}</ref> Around the same time, the nearby ancient [[Atsuta Shrine]] was designated as a [[:wikt:waystation|waystation]], called Miya (the Shrine), on the important [[Tōkaidō (road)|Tōkaidō]] road, which linked the two capitals of [[Kyoto]] and [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]] (now Tokyo). A town developed around the temple to support travelers. The castle and shrine towns formed the city.

<gallery mode="packed" style="text-align: center;" heights="130" perrow="3">
File:Aichi Osu Kannon hondo 2021-07 ac (1).jpg|[[Ōsu Kannon]] is a Buddhist temple, originally built in 1333, later relocated in 1612.
File:180405 Tenshu and Honmaru Goten of Nagoya castle 2.jpg|[[Nagoya Castle]] was constructed as the seat of the [[Owari branch]] of the ruling [[Tokugawa clan]].
File:Shikemichi Nagoya (1).JPG|Edo era buildings in [[Shikemichi]] (四間道)
File:Tokaido41 Miya.jpg|[[Miya-juku]] ([[Atsuta Shrine]]) in the 1830s, as depicted by [[Hiroshige]]
File:Arimatsushibori.JPG|[[Arimatsu, Aichi|Arimatsu Town]]
File:Hongan-ji Nagoya Betsuin - Owari Meisho Zue.png|Woodcut print of [[Hongan-ji Nagoya Betsuin]] (Nishi-Honganji)
</gallery>

===Modern period===
;Meiji period
During the [[Meiji Restoration]] Japan's provinces were restructured into prefectures and the government changed from family to bureaucratic rule. Nagoya was proclaimed a city on October 1, 1889, and designated a city on 1 September 1956, by [[City designated by government ordinance|government ordinance]]. Nagoya became an industrial hub for the region. Its economic sphere included the famous [[Japanese pottery and porcelain|pottery]] towns of [[Tokoname, Aichi|Tokoname]], [[Tajimi, Gifu|Tajimi]] and [[Seto, Aichi|Seto]], as well as [[Okazaki, Aichi|Okazaki]], one of the only places where [[gunpowder]] was produced under the [[shogunate]]. Other industries included [[cotton]] and complex mechanical dolls called ''[[karakuri ningyō]]''.

;Taisho period
[[Mitsubishi Aircraft Company]] was established in 1920 in Nagoya and became one of the largest aircraft manufacturers in Japan. The availability of space and the central location of the region and the well-established connectivity were some of the major factors that lead to the establishment of the aviation industry there.

<gallery mode="packed" style="text-align: center;" heights="130px" perrow="3">
File:Photo of Nagoya Town, 1880-1890.jpg|Photo of Nagoya, 1880–1890
File:Nagoya Station 1886.jpg|[[Nagoya Station]] in 1886
File:Nagoya-Hirokoji_in_the_Meiji_era.JPG|Hirokoji in Nagoya during the [[Meiji (era)|Meiji era]]
File:御大典奉祝名古屋博覧会 正門.jpg|Main Gate of the Nagoya Expo in [[Tsuruma Park]], 1928
File:Nagoya map circa 1930.PNG|Nagoya map circa 1930
File:Toyota Motor Corporation Koromo plant in 1938.jpg|[[Toyota|Toyota Motor Corporation]] Koromo plant (now the [[Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology]]) in 1938
File:TBCN Kakunai Line.JPG|[[Nagoya City Hall]] in the [[Showa period]]
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;Pacific War and post-war years
Nagoya was the target of [[Bombing of Nagoya|air raids]] during the [[Pacific War]]. The population of Nagoya at this time was estimated to be 1.5{{nbsp}}million, fourth among Japanese cities and one of the three largest centers of the Japanese aircraft industry. It was estimated that 25% of its workers were engaged in aircraft production. Important Japanese aircraft targets (numbers 193, 194, 198, 2010, and 1729) were within the city itself, while others (notably 240 and 1833) were to the north of [[Kakamigahara, Gifu|Kagamigahara]]. It was estimated that they produced between 40% and 50% of Japanese combat aircraft and engines, such as the vital [[Mitsubishi A6M Zero]] fighter. The Nagoya area also produced machine tools, bearings, railway equipment, metal alloys, tanks, motor vehicles and processed foods during the war.

Air raids began on April 18, 1942, with an [[Doolittle Raid|attack]] on a [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]] aircraft works, the Matsuhigecho oil warehouse, the Nagoya Castle military barracks and the Nagoya war industries plant.<ref>''The First Heroes'' by Craig Nelson</ref> The bombing continued through the spring of 1945, and included large-scale [[firebombing]]. Nagoya was the target of two of [[Bomber Command]]'s attacks. These incendiary attacks, one by day and one by night, devastated {{convert|5.9|mi2|1|abbr=out|order=flip}}. The [[XXI Bomber Command]] established a new [[U.S. Army Air Force]] record with the greatest tonnage ever released on a single target in one mission—3,162 tons of incendiaries. It also destroyed or damaged twenty-eight of the numbered targets and raised the area burned to almost one-fourth of the entire city.<ref>21st Bomber Command, Tactical Mission Report NO. 44, ocr.pdf, March 20, 1945.</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=April 2012}} Nagoya Castle, which was being used as a military command post, was hit and mostly destroyed on May 14, 1945,<ref>{{cite book |author=Preston John Hubbard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nucrbGjY_GoC&q=nagoya+bombing&pg=PA200 |title=Apocalypse Undone |publisher=Vanderbilt University Press |year=1990 |isbn=9780826514011 |page=199}}</ref> followed by the [[Bombing of Yokkaichi in World War II|Yokkaichi bombing]] in June 1945. Reconstruction of the main building was completed in 1959. Later in the same year on July 26, 1945, the ''[[Enola Gay]]'' also dropped a conventional [[pumpkin bomb]] in the [[Yagoto]] area of Nagoya as part of a bombing raid in order to train for their mission to [[Hiroshima]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Richard H. |title=The Silverplate Bombers: A History and Registry of the Enola Gay and Other B-29's Configured to Carry Atomic Bombs |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc. |year=2005 |isbn=0-7864-2139-8 |location=Jefferson, North Carolina}}</ref> In 1959, the city was flooded and severely damaged by the [[Ise-wan Typhoon]].

===Contemporary period===
After the war the city was able to rebuild and take up its role again as one of the country's leading industrial and manufacturing centers, it became known as the "[[Houston]] and [[Montreal]] of the Orient". It also plays an increasing role in the [[meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions]] (MICE) industry, hosting the [[Expo 2005]] and the [[Nagoya Protocol]] conference in 2010.

<gallery mode="packed" style="text-align: center;" heights="130" perrow="3">
File:Burning Nagoya Castle-2.JPG|Nagoya Castle on fire 1945
File:Nagoya after the 1945 air raid.JPG|View of Nagoya after the [[Bombing of Nagoya|bombing]] in 1945
File:Typhoon Vera 1959 CBC Location.jpg|Damage from the Ise-wan Typhoon ([[Typhoon Vera]]) in 1959
File:Expo2005 Overview.jpg|The [[Expo 2005]] was the second [[world's fair]] held in Japan.
File:Nagoya-city-1945-post-WWII-GAG01.jpg|1945, after WWII
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