Editing Mysore (section)

== History ==
{{Further|Kingdom of Mysore}}
[[File:Chamundeshwari Temple Mysore.jpg|thumb|left|[[Chamundeshwari Temple]] dedicated to Goddess [[Chamundeshwari]], tutelary deity of Mysore city.]]
[[File:Mysore (Baedeker, 1914).jpg|thumb|Map of Mysore and nearby [[Srirangapatna]], {{Circa|1914}}]]
The site where [[Mysore Palace]] now stands was occupied by a village named Puragere at the beginning of the 16th century.<ref name="rice1876" />{{rp|281}} The Mahishūru Fort was constructed in 1524 by [[Chamaraja Wodeyar III]] (1513–1553),<ref name="rice1876">{{cite book|last= Rice|first= B.L.|author-link= Benjamin L. Rice|title= Mysore and Coorg: Mysore, by districts|year= 1876|publisher= Mysore Government Press|location= Mysore|url= https://archive.org/details/mysoreandcoorgm00ricegoog|access-date= 29 February 2012}}</ref>{{rp|257}} who passed on the dominion of ''Puragere'' to his son [[Chamaraja Wodeyar IV]] (1572–1576). Since the 16th century, the name of ''Mayashūru'' has commonly been used to denote the city.<ref name="rice1897">{{cite book |last= Rice|first= B.L.|author-link=Benjamin L. Rice|title= Mysore gazetteer compiled for government–vol 1|orig-date=1897|year=2001|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi|isbn= 81-206-0977-8}}</ref>{{rp|31}} The [[Kingdom of Mysore]], governed by the [[Wodeyar]] family, initially served as a [[feudalism|vassal state]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. With the decline of that empire after the [[Battle of Talikota]] in 1565, the Mysore Kingdom gradually achieved independence, and by the time of [[Kanthirava Narasaraja I|King Narasaraja Wodeyar]] (1637), it had become a sovereign state.<ref name="kamath2001">{{Cite book|last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|author-link=Suryanath U. Kamath|title= A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present|orig-date=1980|year= 2001|publisher= Jupiter books|location= Bangalore|oclc= 7796041|lccn= 80905179}}</ref>{{rp|228}} [[Srirangapatna|Seringapatam]], near Mysore, the present-day Srirangapatna, was the capital of the kingdom beginning in 1610.<ref name="rice1876" />{{rp|257}} The 17th century saw a steady expansion of its territory and, under [[Kanthirava Narasaraja I|Narasaraja Wodeyar I]] and [[Chikka Devaraja|Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar]],  the kingdom annexed large areas of what is now southern Karnataka and parts of Tamil Nadu, to become a powerful state in the southern [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].

The kingdom reached the height of its military power and dominion in the latter half of the 18th&nbsp;century, under the de facto rulers [[Hyder Ali]] and his son [[Tipu Sultan]]. The latter demolished parts of Mysore to remove legacies of the Wodeyar dynasty.<ref name="rice1876" />{{rp|257}} During this time, the kingdom of Mysore came into conflict with the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]], the [[British Empire|British]], and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], leading to the four [[Anglo-Mysore wars]], success in the first two of which was followed by defeat in the third and fourth. After Tipu Sultan's death in the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] in 1799, the capital of the kingdom was moved back to Mysore from Seringapatam,<ref name="kamath2001" />{{rp|249}} and the kingdom was distributed by the British to their allies of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. Part of the kingdom was annexed into the [[Madras Presidency]], another to the Nizam of Hyderabad. The landlocked interior of the defeated kingdom of Mysore was turned into a [[princely state]] under the [[suzerainty]] of the [[The Crown|British Crown]],<ref name="kamath2001" />{{rp|249}} with the five-year-old Wodeyar [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar III|Krishnaraja III]] as titular ruler and with [[Purnaiah]], who had served under Tipu, as chief minister or ''[[Diwan (title)|diwan]]'' and Lt. Col. [[Barry Close]] as Resident. The British took control of Mysore's foreign policy and insisted on an annual tribute for maintaining a standing British army at Mysore.<ref>[[Suryanath U. Kamath|Kamath, Suryanath U.]], ''A Concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present'' (Bangalore: Jupiter books, 1980, OCLC 7796041), p. 249</ref><ref>Kamath (2001), p. 234</ref><ref>Venkata Ramanappa, M. N.,  ''Outlines of South Indian history: with special reference to Karnataka'' (Delhi: Vikas Pub. House, 1975, {{ISBN|0-7069-0378-1}}), p. 225</ref> Purnaiah is credited with improving Mysore's public works.<ref name="kamath2001" /> In 1831, claiming there was maladministration, the British took direct control of the princely state.<ref>Kamath (2001), p. 250</ref><ref>Venkata Ramanappa, M. N. (1975), pp. 229–231</ref> For the next fifty years, the kingdom of Mysore was under the direct rule of British Commissioners,<ref>Venkata Ramanappa, M. N. (1975), pp. 231–232</ref> and in 1831 the city of Mysore lost its status as the administrative centre, when the British Commissioner moved the capital to [[Bangalore]].<ref name="kamath2001" />{{rp|251}}

In 1876–77, towards the end of the period of direct British rule, Mysore suffered from the [[Great Famine of 1876–1878]], in which nearly a fifth of the population died.<ref>Lewis Rice, B., ''Report on the Mysore census'' (Bangalore: Mysore Government Press, 1881), p. 3</ref> In 1881, [[Chamarajendra Wadiyar X|Maharaja Chamaraja Wadiyar X]] was given control of Mysore, in a process called [[Rendition (law)|rendition]], but with a resident British officer and a diwan to handle the Maharaja's administration,<ref name=K250254>Kamath (2001), pp. 250–254</ref> and the city of Mysore regained its status as the capital.<ref name="kamath2001" />{{rp|254}} The Mysore municipality was established in 1888 and the city was divided into eight wards.<ref name="rice1897" />{{rp|283}} In 1897 an outbreak of [[bubonic plague]] killed nearly half of the population of the city.<ref name="plag">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/07/stories/2005070713620200.htm|title=A museum to showcase Mysore's history|date=7 July 2005|access-date=20 November 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816051548/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/07/stories/2005070713620200.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=16 August 2011}}</ref> With the establishment of the City Improvement Trust Board (CITB) in 1903, Mysore became one of the first cities in Asia to undertake planned urban development.<ref name="citb">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/26/stories/2004082610690300.htm|date=26 August 2004|title=Tree ownership rights to growers may boost green cover|access-date=20 November 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050425233656/http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/26/stories/2004082610690300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=25 April 2005}}</ref> Public demonstrations and meetings were held there during the [[Quit India movement]] and other phases of the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/procession-taken-out-to-mark-quit-india-movement/article3088205.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 August 2006 |title=Procession taken out to mark Quit India movement |access-date=20 November 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029043643/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/procession-taken-out-to-mark-quit-india-movement/article3088205.ece |archive-date=29 October 2016 }}</ref>

Until the independence of [[British India]] (which did not include Mysore) in 1947, Mysore remained a Princely State within the [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]], with the Wodeyars continuing their rule.<ref name=K250254/> After Indian Independence, Mysore city remained as part of the [[Mysore State]], now known as [[Karnataka]]. [[Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar]], then king of Mysore, was allowed to retain his titles and was nominated as the ''[[Rajapramukh]]'' (appointed governor) of the state with a £20,000 payment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zubrzycki |first1=John |date=6 August 2023 |title=Did India let down the maharajahs? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66370541 |work=BBC News |access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref> He died in September 1974 and was cremated in Mysore.<ref name="crem">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/22/stories/2006092200050300.htm|date=22 September 2006|title=Maharajah of music|last=Venkatkrishnan|first=Sriam|access-date=21 November 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829041239/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/22/stories/2006092200050300.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=29 August 2008}}</ref>

Over the years, Mysore became well known as a centre for tourism; the city remained largely peaceful, except for occasional riots related to the [[Kaveri River Water Dispute]].<ref name="tour" /> Among the events that took place in Mysore and made national headlines were a fire at a television studio that claimed 62 lives in 1989,<ref name="fire">{{cite news|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/aug012004/ac2.asp|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=1 August 2004|last=Deepak|first=S.N.|title=A doyen of film production|access-date=1 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202121655/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/aug012004/ac2.asp|archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> and the sudden deaths of many animals at the [[Mysore Zoo]].<ref name="mz">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/life/2004/10/08/stories/2004100800190300.htm|newspaper=Business Line|date=8 October 2004|title=Caring in captivity|last=Krishna|first=M.J.|access-date=1 March 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524234545/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/life/2004/10/08/stories/2004100800190300.htm|archive-date=24 May 2013}}</ref>