Editing Muntinlupa (section)

==History==
===Spanish colonial era===
In 1601, some 88 years after the arrival of [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] navigator [[Ferdinand Magellan]] in the Visayas islands, the original lands constituting Muntinlupa could be deduced to have been friar lands administered by the Augustinians, then sold and assigned to the Sanctuary of Guadalupe.

In the early 1800s, Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, an [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] friar, in his two-volume Book: "''Estadismo de las islas Filipinas''", described Muntinlupa as a lakeside town composed of 250 tributes (each tribute representing a family of 5 to 7), and was the farthest town of the province of [[Manila (province)|Tondo]] (later Manila), itself composed of 14,437 native tributes and 3,528 Spanish Filipino tributes. Spiritually, it also belonged to the nearby [[Nuestra Señora de Gracia Church|Parish of Our Lady of Guadalupe]] in [[Makati|San Pedro de Macati]] (present-day Makati) and was connected to it via many rivers that streamed from [[Laguna de Bay]] through Muntinlupa towards San Pedro de Macati and eventually [[Manila]] proper.<ref name="Estadismo1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.xeniaeditrice.it/zu%C3%B1igaIocrpdf.pdf |title=ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO PRIMERO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish) |access-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309030040/http://www.xeniaeditrice.it/zu%C3%B1igaIocrpdf.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|26}}

In 1869, the lands were transferred to the state and large individual landholders. In an effort by the Spanish Government to bring under closer administrative control the people living in the contiguous sitios, as well as those in Alabang, Tunasan, Sucat, and Cupang, the municipality was created upon the recommendation of Don Eduardo de Canizares.

On August 6, 1898, the town supported the Philippine Revolution against the Spaniards and formally joined the revolutionary government headed by Gen. [[Emilio Aguinaldo]].

===American occupation era===
[[File:MuntinlupaSanPedrojf2112 07.JPG|thumb|left|Welcome marker along [[N1 highway (Philippines)|Manila South Road]] at the Muntinlupa–[[San Pedro, Laguna|San Pedro]] boundary reflecting the former [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]–[[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] provincial boundary; Muntinlupa was part of Rizal from 1901–1903 and from 1905–1975.]]

The [[Philippine Commission]] promulgated [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] Province on June 11, 1901, through Act No. 137. Muntinlupa became part of the new province after being a part of the defunct [[Manila (province)|province of Manila]].

On October 12, 1903, Muntinlupa, alongside [[Taguig]], was merged with [[Pateros]] by virtue of Act No. 942.<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|number=942|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l89ad|date=October 12, 1903|accessdate=April 24, 2022|title=An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen|website=Lawyerly}}</ref> On November 25, 1903, Muntinlupa was incorporated under Act No. 1008 and included within the boundary of the province of [[Laguna (province)|La Laguna]] under the municipality of [[Biñan]].<ref>{{cite PH act|url=https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/dtSearch/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&DocId=622&Index=%2A9b8c493322d6ea4e01a8b64cca8b398a|chamber=Act|number=1008|title=An Act Amending Act Numbered Nine hundred and thirty-nine, entitled "An Act reducing the thirty municipalities of the Province of La Laguna to nineteen," and Act Numbered Nine hundred and forty-two, entitled "An Act reducing the thirty - two municipalities of the Province of Rizal to fifteen," and providing that the boundary line between the Provinces of La Laguna and Rizal be changed so as to include in La Laguna the municipality of Muntinlupa now a part of Rizal.|date=November 25, 1903|accessdate=April 24, 2022|website=Supreme Court E-Library}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Muntinlupa residents protested this Executive Act, and through their town head, Marcelo Fresnedi, filed a formal petition to the Governor for the return of the municipality to the province of Rizal. On March 22, 1905, Act No. 1308 paved the way for Muntinlupa's return to the province of Rizal to then become a part of [[Taguig]], along with [[Pateros]].<ref name="history_munti" /><ref>{{cite PH act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l43ec|chamber=Act|number=1308|date=March 22, 1905|accessdate=April 24, 2022|title=An Act providing for the return of the former municipality of Muntinlupa from the Province of La Laguna to the Province of Rizal, repealing paragraph (e) of section one and sections two and three of Act Numbered One thousand and eight, and changing the name of the municipality of Pateros, of the Province of Rizal, to Taguig|website=Lawyerly}}</ref>

[[File:Philippine Island - Alabang - NARA - 68155806.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of Alabang Stock Farm, 1933]]
On December 19, 1917, Governor-General [[Francis Burton Harrison]] signed Executive Order 108, which made Muntinlupa an independent municipality, separating it from Taguig. The law took effect on January 1, 1918.<ref name="history_munti">{{cite news|url=https://muntinlupacity.gov.ph/history/|title=History|website=City Government of Muntinlupa|accessdate=April 15, 2023}}</ref> Vidal Joaquin, a native of [[Alabang]], served as the first appointed mayor from 1918 to 1919, followed by Primo Ticman, native of [[Poblacion, Muntinlupa|Poblacion]], from 1919 to 1922. Melencio Espeleta became the first elected mayor of Muntinlupa in 1922, serving until 1924.

===Japanese occupation era===
[[File:Philippine Island - Luzon Island - NARA - 68156983.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of Muntinlupa with New Bilibid Prison, 1941]]
On January 22, 1941, the historic [[New Bilibid Prison]], the national penitentiary, was established in the hills of Muntinlupa. During World War II, the [[New Bilibid Prison]] was used to lock up Filipino political prisoners by the Japanese occupation authorities, but they were set free by [[Hunters ROTC]] guerrillas.<ref name=":0" />

===Philippine independence===
On November 12, 1963, in the early morning of election day, [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] mayoralty candidate Maximino A. Argana was talking to his bodyguards at his home when he managed to avoid bullets that were fired at him by unknown gunmen.<ref>{{cite news|title=Eight persons slain in poll violence|work=[[The Manila Times]]|publisher=The Manila Times Publishing Company, Inc.|date=November 13, 1963|page=12-A|quote=In Muntinlupa, the PNS said, Manuel Argana [sic], [[Nacionalista Party|NP]] mayoralty candidate, was talking to bodyguards at his home in barrio [[Alabang]] at 3 a.m. yesterday when unidentified men suddenly opened fire.}}</ref> Incumbent mayor Francisco de Mesa later won reelection, defeating Argana. On March 18, 1964, mayor de Mesa was assassinated by a gunman, and was succeeded by his vice mayor Demetrio Loresca.<ref>{{Cite court|litigants=Magdalena Sibulo vda. de Mesa v. Hon. Eulogio Mencias|reporter=The Lawphil Project|date=October 29, 1966|url=https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1966/oct1966/gr_l-24583_1966.html|accessdate=February 16, 2025}}</ref>

On November 7, 1975, Muntinlupa was transferred from the Province of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] to the newly formed [[Metro Manila|Metropolitan Manila]] by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 824 issued by then-President [[Ferdinand Marcos]].<ref name="PD824">{{cite PH act|chamber=PD|number=824|url=http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1975/pd_824_1975.html|title=Creating the Metropolitan Manila and the Metropolitan Manila Commission and for Other Purposes|date=November 7, 1975|access-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312121648/http://lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1975/pd_824_1975.html|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=live|website=Lawphil}}</ref>

On June 13, 1986, following the [[People Power Revolution|EDSA Revolution]] in February of that year, President [[Corazón Aquino|Corazón C. Aquino]] appointed [[Ignacio Bunye|Ignacio R. Bunye]] as Officer-in-Charge of Muntinlupa as part of a nationwide revamp of local government units.  In the ratification of the [[1987 Constitution]], Muntinlupa together with [[Las Piñas]] formed one political district.

On January 31, 1988, protesters of the [[1988 Philippine local elections|1988 Muntinlupa election]] results who barricaded in front of the Muntinlupa town hall the past two days began storming the premises, with supporters of the two leading mayoral candidates confronting each other and causing injury to former mayor Santiago Carlos Jr. and barangay official Florante Torres among others.<ref>{{cite news|last=Torres|first=Radito|title=Protesters storm M'lupa town hall|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5AtAAAAIBAJ|access-date=May 11, 2024|work=[[Manila Standard]]|publisher=Standard Publications, Inc.|date=February 2, 1988|pages=1–2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Torres|first=Radito|title=Bunye named Munti winner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJAtAAAAIBAJ|access-date=May 11, 2024|work=[[Manila Standard]]|publisher=Standard Publications, Inc.|date=February 3, 1988|pages=1–2|quote=The move followed a violent dispersal of protesters manning a barricade in front of the municipal building last Sunday [January 31].}}</ref> By February 17, a grenade that failed to explode was found to have been thrown onto the roof of mayor-elect Bunye's house in Alabang.<ref>{{cite news|last=Torres|first=Radito|title=Makati building bombed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZAtAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA2|access-date=May 11, 2024|work=[[Manila Standard]]|publisher=Standard Publications, Inc.|date=February 18, 1988|pages=2}}</ref> On December 6, 1988, President [[Corazón Aquino|Corazon C. Aquino]] by Proclamation 351 declares December 19 as "Municipality of Muntinlupa Day".<ref>{{cite PH act|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1988/12/06/proclamation-no-351-s-1988/|title=Declaring Monday, December 19, 1988, as "Municipality of Muntinlupa Day"|chamber=PP|number=351, s. 1988|date=December 6, 1988|accessdate=April 24, 2022|website=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]}}</ref>

===Cityhood===
On February 16, 1995, House Bill No. 14401, which seeks to convert the municipality of Muntinlupa into a highly urbanized city, was approved by the House of Representatives.

On March 1, 1995, Muntinlupa became the 65th city in the Philippines as signed into law by President [[Fidel V. Ramos]], its conversion into a highly urbanized city by virtue of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 7926. Per Section 62 of R.A. 7926, Muntinlupa and Las Piñas were to constitute separate congressional districts, with each district electing its separate representative in the 1998 elections.<ref name="ra7926">{{cite PH act|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1995/03/01/republic-act-no-7926/|title=An Act Converting the Municipality of Muntinlupa into a Highly Urbanized City to be Known as the City of Muntinlupa|chamber=RA|number=7926|date=March 1, 1995|accessdate=April 24, 2022|website=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]}}</ref> This separation was additionally confirmed in the city charter of Las Piñas (R.A. 8251) which was approved by plebiscite on March 26, 1997.<ref>{{cite PH act|url=https://thecorpusjuris.com/legislative/republic-acts/ra-no-8251.php|title=An Act Converting the Municipality of Las Piñas into a Highly-Urbanized City to be Known as the City of Las Piñas|chamber=RA|number=8251|date=February 12, 1997|accessdate=April 24, 2022|website=The Corpus Juris}}</ref> Ignacio Bunye, who previously served as mayor of Muntinlupa, was elected in 1998 as the first congressman representing the city.

On March 1, 2001, Republic Act No. 9191 was enacted, declaring March 1 of every year as a Special Non-working Holiday in the City of Muntinlupa to be known as "The Muntinlupa City Charter Day".<ref>{{cite PH act|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2003/02/21/republic-act-no-9191/|title=An Act Declaring the First Day of March of Every Year as a Special Nonworking Holiday in the City of Muntinlupa to be Known as the Muntinlupa City Charter Day|chamber=RA|number=9191|date=March 1, 2021|accessdate=April 24, 2022|website=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]}}</ref>

===Contemporary===
On August 3, 2007, the Muntinlupa City Hall was completely damaged and later abandoned due to a fire. The fire started from a slum area behind the city hall. Almost all files, important documents and other references of Muntinlupa were burned.<ref>{{cite news|work=The Manila Times|title=Muntinlupa's city hall burns down|access-date=August 4, 2007|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/aug/04/yehey/top_stories/20070804top1.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080106151910/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/aug/04/yehey/top_stories/20070804top1.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = January 6, 2008}}</ref>