Editing Municipality (section)

== Terms in various countries ==
[[File:5 Boroughs Labels New York City Map.svg|thumb|upright=1.1|[[New York City]] as well as its composite five [[boroughs of New York City|boroughs]] are all municipalities.
{{legend|#4DAF4A|1. Manhattan}}
{{legend|#FFFF33|2. Brooklyn}}
{{legend|#FF7F00|3. Queens}}
{{legend|#E41A1C|4. The Bronx}}
{{legend|#984EA3|5. Staten Island}}|alt=A map with five insular regions of different colors.]]

[[File:Suomen kaupungit 2020.svg|thumb|upright|[[City]] or [[town]] municipalities (red-colored) with other non-town municipalities in [[Finland]] (2020)]]

=== Municipality ===
Terms cognate with "municipality", mostly referring to territory or political structure,{{clarify|date=July 2019}} are Spanish ''{{lang|es|[[municipio]]}}'' (Spain) and ''{{lang|es|[[municipalidad]]}}'' (Chile), Catalan ''{{Wikt-lang|ca|municipi}}'', Portuguese {{Lang|pt|município}}.

* In [[Brazil]], a ''[[município]]'' is the local government, recognized by the Brazilian Federal Constitution and established through state constitutions. It is the smallest territorial division holding executive and legislative powers. Since the [[Constitution of Brazil|Constitution of 1988]], all ''municípios'' are members of the federation. Colloquially, the local population uses the terms ''municipality'' and ''city'' interchangeably, although the constitution defines "city" as the seat of the municipality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constituição da república federativa do brasil de 1988 |url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=www.planalto.gov.br}}</ref>

=== Commune ===
In many countries, terms cognate with "commune" are used, referring to the community living in the area and the common interest. These include terms:

* in Romance languages, such as French ''{{Wikt-lang|fr|commune}}'' ([[Communes of France|France]], French-speaking areas of Belgium and Switzerland, French-speaking countries of Africa, e.g. [[Communes of Benin|Benin]]), Italian ''{{Wikt-lang|it|comune}}'' ([[Comune|Italy]]), Portuguese ''{{Wikt-lang|pt|comuna}}'' ([[Communes of Angola|Angola]]), Romanian ''{{Wikt-lang|ro|comună}}'' ([[Communes of Romania|Romania]]), and Spanish ''{{Wikt-lang|es|comuna}}'' ([[Communes of Chile|Chile]]);
* in Germanic languages such as German ''{{Wikt-lang|de|Kommune}}'' (in political parlance), Swedish ''{{Wikt-lang|sv|kommun}}'' ([[Municipalities of Sweden|Sweden]]), Faroese ''{{Wikt-lang|fo|kommuna}}'' ([[Municipalities of the Faroe Islands|Faroe Islands]]), Norwegian, Danish ''{{lang|da|{{lang|no|[[wikt:kommune|kommune]]}}}}'' ([[Municipalities of Norway|Norway]], [[Municipalities of Denmark|Denmark]]);
* the more remote cognates ''{{Wikt-lang|nl|gemeente}}'' in Dutch ([[Municipalities of the Netherlands|Netherlands]], Dutch-speaking areas of Belgium), ''{{Wikt-lang|lb|Gemeng}}'' in Luxembourgish ([[Communes of Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]) and ''{{Wikt-lang|de|Gemeinde}}'' in German (the official term; [[Municipalities of Germany|Germany]]);
* Finnish ''{{lang|fi|[[wikt:kunta|kunta]]}}'' ([[Municipalities of Finland|Finland]]).
* Ukrainian ''{{lang|uk|[[hromada]]}}''. 
* and Polish ''{{lang|pl|[[gmina]]}}''. 
The same terms "Gemeente" (Dutch) or "Gemeinde" (German) may be used for church congregations or parishes, for example, in the German and Dutch Protestant churches.

=== Other terms ===
In Greece, the word {{Lang|el|Δήμος|italic=no}} ({{Lang|el-latn|demos}}) is used, also meaning 'community'; the word is known in English from the compound ''democracy'' (rule of the people).

In some countries, the Spanish term ''{{lang|es|[[ayuntamiento]]}}'', referring to a municipality's administration building, is extended via [[synecdoche]] to denote the municipality itself.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ASALE |first=RAE- |last2=RAE |title=ayuntamiento {{!}} Diccionario de la lengua española |url=https://dle.rae.es/ayuntamiento |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=«Diccionario de la lengua española» - Edición del Tricentenario |language=es}}</ref> In [[Communes of Moldova|Moldova]] and [[Communes of Romania|Romania]], both ''municipalities'' (''[[municipiu]]''; urban administrative units) and ''communes'' ({{Lang|ro|[[comună]]}}; rural units) exist, and a commune may be part of a municipality.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

In many countries, comparable entities may exist with various names.

=== English-speaking ===
*In [[Australia]], the term [[local government area]] (LGA) is used in place of the generic municipality. Here, the "LGA Structure covers only incorporated areas of Australia. Incorporated areas are legally designated parts of states and territories over which incorporated local governing bodies have responsibility."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/9f0b5791ed98061fca256f1900128409?OpenDocument |title=Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) |date=28 September 2005 |publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>
*In [[Canada]], municipalities are local governments established through provincial and territorial legislation, usually within general municipal statutes.<ref name="CDNEncyclo">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Municipal Government |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia > Government > Government, General > Municipal Government |publisher=Historica Foundation of Canada |year=2009 |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/municipal-government |access-date=17 July 2011 |archive-date=13 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213184814/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/municipal-government/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="StatCan">{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/92f0009x/92f0009x2011000-eng.pdf |title=Interim List of Changes to Municipal Boundaries, Status, and Names – From January 2, 2010 to January 1, 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=April 2011 |access-date=17 July 2011}}</ref> Types of [[Lists of municipalities in Canada|municipalities within Canada]] include [[city|cities]], [[District municipality|district municipalities]], [[municipal district]]s, municipalities, [[Parish (administrative division)|parishes]], [[Rural municipality|rural municipalities]], [[town]]s, [[township]]s, [[village]]s, and [[ville]]s among others.<ref name="StatCan" /> The province of [[Ontario]] has different tiers of municipalities, including lower, upper, and single tiers.<ref name="OntarioMAH">{{cite web |url=http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/Page1591.aspx |title=List of Ontario Municipalities |publisher=[[Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (Ontario)|Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing]] |date=4 July 2011 |access-date=17 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228023807/http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/Page1591.aspx |archive-date=28 February 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Types of upper tier municipalities in Ontario include counties and regional municipalities.<ref name="OntarioMAH" /> [[Nova Scotia]] also has regional municipalities, which include cities, counties, districts, or towns as municipal units.<ref name="NSMGA">{{cite web |title = Municipal Government Act|publisher = Office of the Legislative Counsel, Nova Scotia House of Assembly|url = http://nslegislature.ca/legc/statutes/municipal%20government.pdf|date = 7 January 2010|access-date = 17 July 2011}}</ref>
*In [[India]], a municipality (also known as ''[[Municipal council (India)|municipal council]]'') is an urban local body that administers a city of population 100,000 or more (the criteria varies from state to state). However, there are exceptions to that, as previously municipalities were constituted in urban centers with population over 20,000, so all the urban bodies which were previously classified as municipality were reclassified as municipality even if their population was under 100,000. it interacts directly with the state government, though it is administratively part of the [[District#India|district]] it is located in. Generally, smaller district cities and bigger towns have a municipality. Municipalities are also a form of local self-government entrusted with some duties and responsibilities, as enshrined in the [[Seventy-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India|Constitutional (74th Amendment) Act,1992]].
*In the [[Local government in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], the term was used until the [[1972 Local Government Act|Local Government Act 1972]] came into effect in 1974 in [[England]] and [[Wales]], and until 1975 in [[Scotland]] and 1976 in [[Northern Ireland]], "both for a city or town which is organized for self-government under a municipal corporation, and also for the governing body itself. Such a corporation in Great Britain consists of a head as a mayor or provost, and of superior members, as aldermen and councillors".<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Municipality | volume= 19 | page = 7 |short= 1}}</ref> Since local government reorganisation, the unit in England, Northern Ireland and Wales is known as a ''[[district]]'', and in Scotland as a ''[[council area]]''. A ''district'' may be awarded ''[[borough]]'' or ''city'' status, or can retain its ''district'' title.
*In [[Jersey]], a municipality refers to the honorary officials elected to run each of the 12 [[Parishes of Jersey|parishes]] into which it is subdivided. This is the highest level of regional government in this jurisdiction.
* In [[Trinidad and Tobago]], "municipality" is usually understood as a city, town, or other local government unit, formed by municipal charter from the state as a municipal corporation. A town may be awarded borough status and, later on, may be upgraded to city status. [[Chaguanas]], [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]], [[Port of Spain]], [[Arima]] and [[Point Fortin]] are the 5 current municipalities in Trinidad and Tobago.
*In the [[United States]], "municipality" is usually understood as a city, town, village, or other local government unit, formed by municipal charter from the state as a municipal corporation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://public.findlaw.com/library/pa-municipal-law.html |title=Legal Dictionary: Municipal Law |work=[[FindLaw]]}}</ref> In a state law context, some U.S. state codes define "municipality" more widely, from the state itself to any political subdivisions given jurisdiction over an area that may include multiple populated places and unpopulated places<ref>{{cite web |url=http://law.justia.com/codes/nevada/2009/title-3/chapter-43/43-080/ |title=2009 Nevada Code |publisher=Justia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kansas Statues |url=http://kansasstatutes.lesterama.org/Chapter_75/Article_11/75-1117.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024092626/http://kansasstatutes.lesterama.org/Chapter_75/Article_11/75-1117.html |archive-date=Oct 24, 2014 |publisher=Lesterama}}</ref> (see also: [[Local government in the United States#Municipal governments]]).

=== Chinese-speaking ===
*In the [[China|People's Republic of China]], a [[administrative divisions of China|direct-administered municipality]] (直辖市 in [[pinyin]]: zhíxiáshì) is a municipality with equal status to a [[provinces of China|province]]: [[Beijing|Beijing Municipality]], [[Chongqing|Chongqing Municipality]], [[Shanghai|Shanghai Municipality]], and [[Tianjin|Tianjin Municipality]] (see also: [[Direct-administered municipalities of China]]).
*In the [[Taiwan|Republic of China (Taiwan)]], a [[administrative divisions of Taiwan|special municipality]] (直轄市 in [[pinyin]]: zhíxiáshì) is a municipality with equal status to a province: [[Kaohsiung]], [[New Taipei City|New Taipei]], [[Taichung]], [[Tainan]], [[Taipei]], and [[Taoyuan, Taiwan|Taoyuan]] (see also: [[Special municipality (Taiwan)]]).