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===Quran=== {{Main|Muhammad in the Quran}} The [[Quran]] is the central [[religious text]] of Islam. Muslims believe it represents the words of [[God in Islam|God]] revealed by the archangel [[Gabriel]] to Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2007 |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |access-date=24 September 2013 |last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein |author-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505001543/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487666/Quran |archive-date=5 May 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>''Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths'', Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, p. 338, I. B. Tauris.</ref><ref>{{qref|17|106|b=y}}</ref> The Quran is mainly addressed to a single "Messenger of God" who is referred to as Muhammad in a number of verses. The Quranic text also describes the settlement of his followers in [[Yathrib]] after their expulsion by the Quraysh, and briefly mentions military encounters such as the [[Battle of Badr|Muslim victory at Badr]].<ref name="Watt2024">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2024 |title=Muhammad |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad |access-date=4 February 2023 |last1=Watt |first1=William Montgomery |author-link1=W. Montgomery Watt |last2=Sinai |first2=Nicolai |author-link2=Nicolai Sinai}}</ref> The Quran, however, provides minimal assistance for Muhammad's chronological biography; most Quranic verses do not provide significant historical context and timeline.{{sfn|Bennett|1998|pp=18–19}}{{sfn|Peters|1994|p=261}} Almost none of [[Muhammad's companions]] are mentioned by name in the Quran, hence not providing sufficient information for a concise biography.<ref name="Watt2024" /> The [[Birmingham Quran manuscript]] has been [[radiocarbon dated]] to between 568 and 645, though the manuscript's discoverer has asserted that the text on the parchment is from a later date.{{Sfn|Shoemaker|2022|p=80}}
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