Editing Mozambique Defence Armed Forces (section)

== Land Forces ==
[[Image:FADM Training Officer.jpeg|thumb|right|A Mozambique army officer during Exercise SHARED ACCORD 2010 with the United States]]

The Mozambican Army was formed in 1976 from three conventional battalions, two of which were trained in [[Tanzania]] and a third of which was trained in [[Zambia]].{{sfn|Coelho|Malache|Macaringue|2015}} Army officer candidates were initially trained in Maputo by Chinese military instructors.{{sfn|Coelho|Malache|Macaringue|2015}} In March 1977, following Mozambique's Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the Soviet Union, officer candidates became eligible for training in various [[Warsaw Pact]] member states.{{sfn|Coelho|Malache|Macaringue|2015}} The Soviet military mission in Mozambique assisted in raising a new army composed of five infantry brigades and an armored brigade.{{sfn|Coelho|Malache|Macaringue|2015}} At the height of the civil war, this was gradually increased to eight infantry brigades, an armored brigade, and a counter-insurgency brigade{{sfn|Coelho|Malache|Macaringue|2015}} modeled after the [[5th Brigade (Zimbabwe)|Zimbabwean 5th Brigade]].<ref name=DPRK>{{cite book|last=Bermudez|first=Joseph|title=Terrorism, the North Korean connection|date=1997|page=124|publisher=Crane, Russak & Company|location=New York|isbn=978-0844816104}}</ref>

The preexisting FAM was abolished after the end of the civil war under the auspices of the Joint Commission for the Formation of the Mozambican Defence Force (CCFADM), which included advisers from Portugal, France, and the United Kingdom.{{sfn|Coelho|Malache|Macaringue|2015}} The CCFADM recommended that former army personnel and an equal number of demobilised RENAMO insurgents be integrated into a single force numbering about 30,000.{{sfn|Coelho|Malache|Macaringue|2015|p=181}} Due to logistics problems and budgetary constraints, however, the army only numbered about 12,195 in 1995.{{sfn|Coelho|Malache|Macaringue|2015}} Force levels rarely fluctuated between 1995 and the mid-2000s due to the army's limited resources and low budget priority.{{sfn|Coelho|Malache|Macaringue|2015}}

In 2016, the Mozambican Army consisted of 10,000 troops organised into three special forces battalions, seven light infantry battalions, two engineer battalions, two artillery battalions, and a single logistics battalion.<ref name="IISS2016">{{cite book|publisher=International Institute for Strategic Studies|title=The Military Balance 2016|year=2016|location=London|isbn=978-1857438352|pages=457–458}}</ref>

As of 2017, the serving chief of the army was Major General [[Eugènio Dias Da Silva]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiablooms.com/ibns_new/news-details/N/32933/sunil-lanba-visits-mozambique-tanzania.html|title=Sunil Lanba visits Mozambique, Tanzania |website=Indiablooms.com|access-date=2017-07-24|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Equipment===
Between 1977 and 1989, the Mozambican Army was lavishly supplied with Soviet weapons, as well as a Soviet-supervised technical programme to oversee their logistics needs and maintenance.<ref name=Howe>{{cite book|last=Howe|first=Herbert|title=Ambiguous Order: Military Forces in African States|date=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ambiguousordermi0000howe/page/59 59–60]|publisher=Lynne Reinner Publishers|location=Boulder, Colorado|isbn=978-1588263155|url=https://archive.org/details/ambiguousordermi0000howe/page/59}}</ref> Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, along with the resulting departure of Soviet technical staff, much of this equipment was rendered inoperable.<ref name=Howe/> The bulk of the army's hardware remained vested in this ageing and increasingly obsolescent Soviet equipment throughout the 2000s, and serviceability rates have remained low.<ref name="IISS2016"/> In 2016, less than 10% of the army's artillery and armoured vehicles were operational.<ref name="IISS2016"/>

==== Small arms ====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! width=16%| Name
! width=10%| Image
! width=15%| Caliber
! width=12%| Type
! width=10%| Origin
! width=28%| Notes
|-
| [[Škorpion]]<ref name="Bonn"/>
| [[File:Skorpion PICT0105.jpg|150px]]
| [[.32 ACP]]
| [[Submachine gun]]
| {{Flag|Czechoslovak Socialist Republic}}
| 
|-
! colspan="6"| Rifles
|-
| [[SKS]]<ref name="Bonn"/>
| [[File:Simonov-SKS-45.JPG|150px]]
| [[7.62×39mm]]
| [[Semi-automatic rifle]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 
|-
| [[AKM]]<ref name="Jane1"/>
| [[File:AKM automatkarbin Ryssland - 7,62x39mm - Armémuseum rightside noBG.png|150px]]
| [[7.62×39mm]]
| [[Assault rifle]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 
|-
| [[Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965|PM md. 63]]<ref name="Jane1"/>
| [[File:PMmd.1963.jpg|150px]]
| [[7.62×39mm]]
| [[Assault rifle]]
| {{Flag|Socialist Republic of Romania}}
| 
|-
| [[Vz. 58]]<ref name="Jane1"/>
| [[File:Sa 58-JH01 noBG.png|150px]]
| [[7.62×39mm]]
| [[Assault rifle]]
| {{Flag|Czechoslovak Socialist Republic}}
| 
|-
| [[SA80]]{{Sfn|Grant|2016|p=75}}
| [[File:New SA80 A3 Assault Rifle MOD 45163882.jpg|150px]]
| [[5.56×45mm]]
| [[Bullpup]]<hr>[[Assault rifle]]
| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
| Sold as part of British military aid.
|-
| [[FN FAL]]<ref name="Bonn"/>
| [[File:FN-FAL belgian.jpeg|150px]]
| [[7.62×51mm]]
| [[Battle rifle]]
| {{Flag|Belgium}}
| 
|-
! colspan="6"| Sniper rifles
|-
| [[Mosin–Nagant]]<ref name="Jane1"/>
| [[File:Mosin-Nagant m91-30 sniper noBG.png|150px]]
| [[7.62×54mmR]]
| [[Bolt-action]]<br>[[Sniper rifle]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 
|-
! colspan="6"| Machine guns
|-
| [[RPK]]<ref name="Bonn"/>
| 
| [[7.62×39mm]]
| [[Squad automatic weapon]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 
|-
| [[PK machine gun|PKM]]<ref name="Jane1"/>
| [[File:7,62 KK PKM Helsinki 2012 no background.JPG|150px]]
| [[7.62×54mmR]]
| [[General-purpose machine gun]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 
|-
| [[DShK]]<ref name="Bonn">{{cite web|title= SALW Guide: Global distribution and visual identification (Mozambique country report)|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=https://salw-guide.bicc.de/pdf/countries/152/mozambique.std.en.pdf|location=Bonn|publisher=Bonn International Center for Conversion|date=2016|access-date=19 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319205054/https://salw-guide.bicc.de/pdf/countries/152/mozambique.std.en.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2018}}</ref>
| [[File:12,7-мм станковый пулемёт ДШК образца 1938 года.jpg|150px]]
| [[12.7×108mm]]
| [[Heavy machine gun]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 
|-
! colspan="6"| Rocket propelled grenade launchers
|-
| [[RPG-7]]<ref name=zaf/>
| [[File:Rpg-7.jpg|150px]]
| 40mm
| [[Rocket-propelled grenade]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 
|}

====Anti-tank weapons====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! width=16%| Name
! width=21%| Image
! width=15%| Type
! width=12%| Origin
! width=10%| Caliber
! width=26%| Notes
|-
| [[B-10 recoilless rifle|B-10]]<ref name="Jane1"/>
| [[File:B-10-82mm-recoilles-rifle-batey-haosef-1-1.jpg|150px]]
| [[Recoilless rifle]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 82mm
| 
|-
| [[9M14 Malyutka]]<ref name="Jane1">{{cite book | last = Hogg| first = Ian|title = Jane's Infantry Weapons, 1991-1992| year = 1991|edition= 1992|page= 747 | publisher = Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd| isbn= 9780710609632}}</ref>
| [[File:Malyutka.JPG|150px]]
| [[Anti-tank weapon]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 
|
|-
| [[9K111 Fagot]]<ref name="Jane1"/>
| [[File:9K111 Fagot (12-05-2021) 01.jpg|150px]]
| [[Anti-tank weapon]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 
| 10 in service.
|}

====Mortars====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! width=14%| Name
! width=20%| Image
! width=14%| Type
! width=12%| Origin
! width=10%| Quantity
! width=06%| Status
! width=24%| Notes
|-
| [[120-PM-43 mortar|PM-43]]
| [[File:120 mm regimental mortar M1943.jpg|150px]]
| [[Mortar (weapon)|Mortar]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 12<ref name="Military Balance">{{Cite journal |publisher=International Institute for Strategic Studies |year=2020 |title=Chapter Nine: Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=The Military Balance |volume=120 |issue=1 |page=490 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2020.1707971|s2cid=219623431 }}</ref>
| 
| 
|-
| [[82-BM-37|BM-37]]
| [[File:Zagan 82 mm moździerz wz 37.jpg|150px]]
| [[Mortar (weapon)|Mortar]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 40<ref name="Military Balance" />
| 
| 
|}

====Tanks====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! width=14%| Name
! width=20%| Image
! width=14%| Type
! width=12%| Origin
! width=10%| Quantity
! width=06%| Status
! width=24%| Notes
|-
| [[T-54]]
| [[File:Т-54 (Верхняя Пышма).jpg|150px]]
| [[Medium tank]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 60<ref name="SIPRI"/>
| 
| 
|}

====Scout cars====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! width=14%| Name
! width=20%| Image
! width=14%| Type
! width=12%| Origin
! width=10%| Quantity
! width=06%| Status
! width=24%| Notes
|-
| [[BRDM-2]]
| [[File:BRDM-2 (1964) owned by James Stewart pic7.JPG|150px]]
| [[Amphibious vehicle|Amphibious]] [[Scout car|armored scout car]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 28<ref name=zaf/>
| 
| 
|-
| [[BRDM-1]]
| [[File:Vladivostok. The historian-mechanic museum Automotoantiquity («Automotostarina»). BRDM-1 DSC01298 2200.jpg|150px]]
| [[Amphibious vehicle|Amphibious]] [[Scout car|armored scout car]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 28<ref name=zaf>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31653:armed-forces-for-the-defence-of-mozambique&catid=119:african-militaries&Itemid=255 |title=Armed Forces for the Defence of Mozambique|last1=Kruger |first1=Anton |last2=Martin |first2=Guy |publisher=DefenceWeb |location=Johannesburg |date=23 August 2013 |access-date=19 March 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319213048/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31653:armed-forces-for-the-defence-of-mozambique&catid=119:african-militaries&Itemid=255 |archive-date=19 March 2018 }}</ref>
| 
| 
|}

====Infantry fighting vehicles====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! width=14%| Name
! width=20%| Image
! width=14%| Type
! width=12%| Origin
! width=10%| Quantity
! width=06%| Status
! width=24%| Notes
|-
| [[BMP-1]]
| [[File:Bulgarian bmp-1.jpg|150px]]
| [[Infantry fighting vehicle]] 
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 40<ref name="IISS2016" /><ref name=zaf/>
| 
| 
|}

====Armored personnel carriers====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! width=14%| Name
! width=20%| Image
! width=14%| Type
! width=12%| Origin
! width=10%| Quantity
! width=06%| Status
! width=24%| Notes
|-
| [[BTR-152]]
| [[File:Schützenpanzerwagen SPW 152 W1.JPG|150px]]
| [[Armored personnel carrier]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 100<ref name=zaf/><ref name="IISS2016" />
| 
| 
|-
| [[BTR-60]]
| [[File:BTR-60 pic-004.JPG|150px]]
| [[Armored personnel carrier]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 160<ref name=zaf/><ref name="IISS2016" />
| 
| 
|-
| [[WZ-551]]
| [[File:Sri Lanka Military 0233.jpg|150px]]
| [[Armored personnel carrier]]
| {{Flag|China}}
| 30-35<ref name="sipri.org">{{cite web|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|title=Trade Registers|access-date=15 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|archive-date=14 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 
| 
|-
| [[Saxon (vehicle)|AT105 Saxon]]
| [[File:Saxon Armoured Vehicle MOD 45143139.jpg|150px]]
| [[Armored personnel carrier]]
| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
| 25<ref name="IISS2016" />
| 
| 
|-
| [[Marauder (vehicle)|Marauder]]
| [[File:Army2016demo-111.jpg|150px]]
| [[Armored personnel carrier]]
| {{Flag|South Africa}}
| 5<ref name="sipri.org"/>
| 
| 
|-
| [[Casspir]]
| [[File:Mechem Casspir Mk II (9686200019).jpg|150px]]
| [[MRAP]]
| {{Flag|South Africa}}
| 15<ref name="SIPRI"/>
| 
| 
|}

====Artillery====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! width=14%| Name
! width=20%| Image
! width=14%| Type
! width=12%| Origin
! width=10%| Quantity
! width=06%| Status
! width=24%| Notes
|-
! colspan="7"| [[Rocket artillery]]
|-
| [[BM-21 Grad]]
| [[File:BM-21 Grad Armed Forces of Ukraine.jpg|150px]]
| [[Multiple rocket launcher]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 12<ref name="Military Balance" />
| 
| 
|-
! colspan="7"| [[Field artillery]]
|-
| [[100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3)|BS-3]]
| [[File:BS-3-batey-haosef-1.jpg|150px]]
| [[Field gun]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 20<ref name=zaf/><ref name="IISS2016" />
| 
| 
|-
| [[85 mm divisional gun D-44|Type 56]]
| [[File:85-mm-Divisionskanone D-44.JPG|150px]]
| [[Field gun]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}<br>{{Flag|China}}
| 12<ref name="Military Balance" />
| 
| 
|-
| [[130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)|M-46]]
| [[File:Iraqi Type 59 130 mm field gun.JPEG|150px]]
| [[Field gun]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 6<ref name="Military Balance" />
| 
| 
|-
| [[122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30)|M-30]]
| [[File:VDVHistorymuseum-21.jpg|150px]]
| [[Howitzer]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 24<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web|title=Trade Registers|last=SIPRI|first=(various)|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|location=Solna|publisher=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute|date=2016|access-date=17 August 2016|archive-date=14 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 
|
|-
| [[152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1)|D-1]]
| [[File:Д1 Краснослободск.jpg|150px]]
| [[Howitzer]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 12<ref name="Military Balance" />
| 
|
|-
| [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]]
| [[File:Д-30А с учебного полигона Алматинского Института Сухопутных Войск.JPG|150px]]
| [[Howitzer]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 12<ref name=zaf/>
| 
|
|-
| [[M101 howitzer|M101]]
| [[File:JGSDF 105mm Howitzer M2A1(Type 58 105mm Howitzer) left front view at Camp Nihonbara October 1, 2017.jpg|150px]]
| [[Howitzer]]
| {{Flag|United States|1912}}
| 12{{sfn|IISS|2016|p=458}}
| 
|
|-
| [[85 mm anti-tank gun D-48|D-48]]
| [[File:85-мм противотанковая пушка Д-48 (8).jpg|150px]]
| [[Anti-tank gun]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1938}}
| 6<ref name="Military Balance" />
| 
| 
|}

====Air defence systems====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%;"
|-
! width=14%| Name
! width=20%| Image
! width=14%| Type
! width=12%| Origin
! width=10%| Quantity
! width=06%| Status
! width=24%| Notes
|-
| [[ZU-23-2]]
| [[File:MsSVU39.jpg|150px]]
| [[Autocannon]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 120<ref name=zaf/><ref name="IISS2016" />
| 
| 
|-
| [[37 mm automatic air defence gun M1939 (61-K)|61-K]]
| [[File:61-K anti-aircraft gun, 2007.jpg|150px]]
| [[Autocannon]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| 90<ref name="IISS2016" />
| 
| 10 in storage.
|-
| [[ZSU-57-2]]
| [[File:ZSU-57-2 (Serb).JPG|150px]]
| [[SPAAG]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 20<ref name=zaf/><ref name="IISS2016" />
| 
| 
|-
| [[S-125 Neva]]<ref name="Keegan">{{Cite book| title = World Armies | edition = Second | last = Keegan | first = John | publisher = Palgrave-Macmillan | location = Basingstoke | date = 1983 | isbn = 978-0333340790 | page = 408}}</ref>
| [[File:ЗРК С-125М с ЗУР 5В27Д - Парка Патриот 01.jpg|150px]]
| [[Surface-to-air missile]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 103<ref name="SIPRI"/>
| 
| 
|-
| [[9K32 Strela-2]]
| [[File:SA-7.jpg|150px]]
| [[MANPADS]]
| {{Flag|Soviet Union}}
| 20<ref name=zaf/>
| 
| 250 in storage.<ref name=Solomon>{{cite book|last=Hussein|first=Solomon|title=Towards a Common Defence and Security Policy in the Southern African Development Community|date=1988|pages=102–103|publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa|location=Pretoria|isbn=978-0798301749}}</ref>
|}