Editing Moscovium (section)

==History==
{{See also|Discoveries of the chemical elements}}
[[File:RedSquare (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.4|A view of the famous [[Red Square]] in [[Moscow]]. The region around the city was honored by the discoverers as "the ancient Russian land that is the home of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research" and became the namesake of moscovium.]]

===Discovery===
The first successful [[discovery of the chemical elements|synthesis]] of moscovium was by a joint team of Russian and American scientists in August 2003 at the [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] (JINR) in [[Dubna]], Russia. Headed by Russian nuclear physicist [[Yuri Oganessian]], the team included American scientists of the [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]. The researchers on February 2, 2004, stated in ''[[Physical Review|Physical Review C]]'' that they bombarded [[americium]]-243 with calcium-48 ions to produce four atoms of moscovium. These atoms decayed by emission of alpha-particles to [[nihonium]] in about 100&nbsp;milliseconds.<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=3 |last1=Oganessian |first1=Yu. Ts. |last2=Utyonkov |first2=V. K. |last3=Lobanov |first3=Yu. V. |last4=Abdullin |first4=F. Sh. |last5=Polyakov |first5=A. N. |last6=Shirokovsky |first6=I. V. |last7=Tsyganov |first7=Yu. |last8=Gulbekian |first8=G. |last9=Bogomolov |first9=S. |last10=Mezentsev |first10=A. N. |last11=Iliev |first11=S. |last12=Subbotin |first12=V. G. |last13=Sukhov |first13=A. M. |last14=Voinov |first14=A. A. |last15=Buklanov |first15=G. V. |last16=Subotic |first16=K. |last17=Zagrebaev |first17=V. I. |last18=Itkis |first18=M. G. |last19=Patin |first19=J. B. |last20=Moody |first20=K. J. |last21=Wild |first21=J. F. |last22=Stoyer |first22=M. A. |last23=Stoyer |first23=N. J. |last24=Shaughnessy |first24=D. A. |last25=Kenneally |first25=J. M. |last26=Lougheed |first26=R. W. |date=Feb 2004 |journal=Physical Review C |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=021601–1–5 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.69.021601 |bibcode=2004PhRvC..69b1601O |title=Experiments on the synthesis of element 115 in the reaction <sup>243</sup>Am(<sup>48</sup>Ca,''xn'')<sup>291−''x''</sup>115 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235458292}} {{cite journal |title=preprint |journal=JINR Preprints |date=2003 |url=http://www.jinr.ru/publish/Preprints/2003/178(E7-2003-178).pdf}}</ref>

{{block indent|{{nuclide|link=yes|Americium|243}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|Calcium|48}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|Moscovium|288}} + 3 {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|10neutron}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|Nihonium|284}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|alpha}}}}
{{block indent|{{nuclide|Americium|243}} + {{nuclide|Calcium|48}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|Moscovium|287}} + 4 {{SubatomicParticle|link=no|10neutron}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|Nihonium|283}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=no|alpha}}}}

The Dubna–Livermore collaboration strengthened their claim to the discoveries of moscovium and nihonium by conducting chemical experiments on the final [[decay product]] <sup>268</sup>Db. None of the nuclides in this decay chain were previously known, so existing experimental data was not available to support their claim. In June 2004 and December 2005, the presence of a [[dubnium]] isotope was confirmed by extracting the final decay products, measuring [[spontaneous fission]] (SF) activities and using chemical identification techniques to confirm that they behave like a [[group 5 element]] (as dubnium is known to be in group 5 of the periodic table).<ref name="Haire" /><ref name="E115" /> Both the half-life and the decay mode were confirmed for the proposed <sup>268</sup>Db, lending support to the assignment of the parent nucleus to moscovium.<ref name="E115">{{cite conference |title=Results of the experiment on chemical identification of Db as a decay product of element 115 |last1=Dmitriev |first1=S. N. |last2=Oganessian |first2=Yu. Ts. |last3=Utyonkov |first3=V. K. |last4=Shishkin |first4=S. V. |last5=Yeremin |first5=A. V. |last6=Lobanov |first6=Yu. V. |last7=Tsyganov |first7=Yu. S. |last8=Chepygin |first8=V. I. |last9=Sokol |first9=E. A. |last10=Vostokin |first10=G. K. |last11=Aksenov |first11=N. V. |last12=Hussonnois |first12=M. |last13=Itkis |first13=M. G. |last14=Géaggeler |first14=H. W. |last15=Schumann |first15=D. |last16=Bruchertseifer |first16=H. |last17=Eichler |first17=R. |last18=Shaughnessy |first18=D. A. |last19=Wilk |first19=P. A. |last20=Kenneally |first20=J. M. |last21=Stoyer |first21=M. A. |last22=Wild |first22=J. F. |display-authors=3 |editor-last1=Penionzhkevich |editor-first1=Yu. E. |editor-last2=Cherepanov |editor-first2=E. A. |book-title=EXOTIC NUCLEI (EXON2004) |conference=International Symposium On Exotic Nuclei, Peterhof, Russian Federation, 5–12 July 2004 |date=September 2005 |publisher=World Scientific Publishing |isbn=9789812701749 |doi=10.1142/9789812701749_0040 |bibcode=2005exnu.conf..285D |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253753564 |pages=285–294}} {{cite journal |title=preprint |journal=JINR Preprints |date=2004 |url=http://www.jinr.ru/publish/Preprints/2004/157(e12-2004-157).pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Synthesis of elements 115 and 113 in the reaction <sup>243</sup>Am + <sup>48</sup>Ca |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.72.034611 |date=2005 |last1=Oganessian |first1=Yu. Ts. |journal=Physical Review C |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=034611 |last2=Utyonkov |first2=V. |last3=Dmitriev |first3=S.|last4=Lobanov |first4=Yu. |last5=Itkis |first5=M. |last6=Polyakov |first6=A. |last7=Tsyganov |first7=Yu. |last8=Mezentsev |first8=A. |last9=Yeremin |first9=A. |first10=A. A. |last10=Voinov |first11=E. A. |last11=Sokol |first12=G. G. |last12=Gulbekian |first13=S. L. |last13=Bogomolov |first14=S. |last14=Iliev |first15=V. G. |last15=Subbotin |first16=A. M. |last16=Sukhov |first17=G. V. |last17=Buklanov |first18=S. V. |last18=Shishkin |first19=V. I. |last19=Chepygin |first20=G. K. |last20=Vostokin |first21=N. V. |last21=Aksenov|first22=M. |last22=Hussonnois |first23=K. |last23=Subotic |first24=V. I. |last24=Zagrebaev |first25=K. J. |last25=Moody |first26=J. B. |last26=Patin |first27=J. F. |last27=Wild |first28=M. A. |last28=Stoyer |first29=N. J. |last29=Stoyer |first30=D. A. |last30=Shaughnessy |first31=J. M. |last31=Kenneally|first32=P. A. |last32=Wilk |first33=R. W. |last33=Lougheed |first34=H. W. |last34=Gäggeler |first35=D. |last35=Schumann|first36=H. |last36=Bruchertseifer |first37=R. |last37=Eichler |bibcode=2005PhRvC..72c4611O |display-authors=3 |url=https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/psi/islandora/object/psi%3A13194}}</ref> However, in 2011, the [[IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party]] (JWP) did not recognize the two elements as having been discovered, because current theory could not distinguish the chemical properties of [[group 4 element|group 4]] and group 5 elements with sufficient confidence.<ref name="JWP">{{cite journal |author=Barber, Robert C. |author2=Karol, Paul J. |author3=Nakahara, Hiromichi |author4=Vardaci, Emanuele |author5=Vogt, Erich W. |title=Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers greater than or equal to 113 (IUPAC Technical Report) |doi=10.1351/PAC-REP-10-05-01 |journal=Pure Appl. Chem. |date=2011 |volume=83 |issue=7 |page=1485 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Furthermore, the decay properties of all the nuclei in the decay chain of moscovium had not been previously characterized before the Dubna experiments, a situation which the JWP generally considers "troublesome, but not necessarily exclusive".<ref name="JWP" />

===Road to confirmation===
Two heavier isotopes of moscovium, <sup>289</sup>Mc and <sup>290</sup>Mc, were discovered in 2009–2010 as daughters of the [[tennessine]] isotopes <sup>293</sup>Ts and <sup>294</sup>Ts; the isotope <sup>289</sup>Mc was later also synthesized directly and confirmed to have the same properties as found in the tennessine experiments.<ref name="E117" />

In 2011, the [[IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party|Joint Working Party]] of international scientific bodies [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC) and [[International Union of Pure and Applied Physics]] (IUPAP) evaluated the 2004 and 2007 Dubna experiments, and concluded that they did not meet the criteria for discovery. Another evaluation of more recent experiments took place within the next few years, and a claim to the discovery of moscovium was again put forward by Dubna.<ref name="JWP" /> In August 2013, a team of researchers at [[Lund University]] and at the [[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung]] (GSI) in [[Darmstadt]], [[Germany]] announced they had repeated the 2004 experiment, confirming Dubna's findings.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Lund University |title=Existence of new element confirmed |date=27 August 2013 |url=http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/article/existence-of-new-element-confirmed |access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Spectroscopy of element 115 decay chains (Accepted for publication on Physical Review Letters on 9 August 2013) |url=http://prl.aps.org/accepted/2207dY2bS631e84382e425232df55fb5da302c431 |access-date=2 September 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130827142134/http://prl.aps.org/accepted/2207dY2bS631e84382e425232df55fb5da302c431 |archive-date=August 27, 2013}}</ref> Simultaneously, the 2004 experiment had been repeated at Dubna, now additionally also creating the isotope <sup>289</sup>Mc that could serve as a cross-bombardment for confirming the discovery of the [[tennessine]] isotope <sup>293</sup>Ts in 2010.<ref name="Karol" /> Further confirmation was published by the team at the [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.92.021301 |title=Decay spectroscopy of element 115 daughters: <sup>280</sup>Rg→<sup>276</sup>Mt and <sup>276</sup>Mt→Bh |journal=Physical Review C |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=021301 |bibcode=2015PhRvC..92b1301G |year=2015 |last1=Gates |first1=J. M. |last2=Gregorich |first2=K. E. |last3=Gothe |first3=O. R. |last4=Uribe |first4=E. C. |last5=Pang |first5=G. K. |last6=Bleuel |first6=D. L. |last7=Block |first7=M. |last8=Clark |first8=R. M. |last9=Campbell |first9=C. M. |last10=Crawford |first10=H. L. |last11=Cromaz |first11=M. |last12=Di Nitto |first12=A. |last13=Düllmann |first13=Ch. E. |last14=Esker |first14=N. E. |last15=Fahlander |first15=C. |last16=Fallon |first16=P. |last17=Farjadi |first17=R. M. |last18=Forsberg |first18=U. |last19=Khuyagbaatar |first19=J. |last20=Loveland |first20=W. |last21=MacChiavelli |first21=A. O. |last22=May |first22=E. M. |last23=Mudder |first23=P. R. |last24=Olive |first24=D. T. |last25=Rice |first25=A. C. |last26=Rissanen |first26=J. |last27=Rudolph |first27=D. |last28=Sarmiento |first28=L. G. |last29=Shusterman |first29=J. A. |last30=Stoyer |first30=M. A. |last31=Wiens |first31=A. |last32=Yakushev |first32=A. |last33=Nitsche |first33=H. |display-authors=3 |url=http://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/3897577/7761361.pdf |doi-access=free}}</ref>

In December 2015, the IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party recognized the element's discovery and assigned the priority to the Dubna-Livermore collaboration of 2009–2010, giving them the right to suggest a permanent name for it.<ref>[http://www.iupac.org/news/news-detail/article/discovery-and-assignment-of-elements-with-atomic-numbers-113-115-117-and-118.html Discovery and Assignment of Elements with Atomic Numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231074712/http://www.iupac.org/news/news-detail/article/discovery-and-assignment-of-elements-with-atomic-numbers-113-115-117-and-118.html |date=2015-12-31}}. IUPAC (2015-12-30)</ref> While they did not recognise the experiments synthesising <sup>287</sup>Mc and <sup>288</sup>Mc as persuasive due to the lack of a convincing identification of atomic number via cross-reactions, they recognised the <sup>293</sup>Ts experiments as persuasive because its daughter <sup>289</sup>Mc had been produced independently and found to exhibit the same properties.<ref name="Karol">{{cite journal |last1=Karol |first1=Paul J. |last2=Barber |first2=Robert C. |last3=Sherrill |first3=Bradley M. |last4=Vardaci |first4=Emanuele |last5=Yamazaki |first5=Toshimitsu |date=22 December 2015 |title=Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers Z = 113, 115 and 117 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/pac.2016.88.issue-1-2/pac-2015-0502/pac-2015-0502.pdf |journal=Pure Appl. Chem. |volume=88 |issue=1–2 |pages=139–153 |doi=10.1515/pac-2015-0502 |s2cid=101634372 |access-date=2 April 2016}}</ref>

In May 2016, [[Lund University]] ([[Lund]], [[Scania]], Sweden) and GSI cast some doubt on the syntheses of moscovium and tennessine. The decay chains assigned to <sup>289</sup>Mc, the isotope instrumental in the confirmation of the syntheses of moscovium and tennessine, were found based on a new statistical method to be too different to belong to the same nuclide with a reasonably high probability. The reported <sup>293</sup>Ts decay chains approved as such by the JWP were found to require splitting into individual data sets assigned to different tennessine isotopes. It was also found that the claimed link between the decay chains reported as from <sup>293</sup>Ts and <sup>289</sup>Mc probably did not exist. (On the other hand, the chains from the non-approved isotope <sup>294</sup>Ts were found to be [[wikt:congruent|congruent]].) The multiplicity of states found when nuclides that are not [[even and odd atomic nuclei|even–even]] undergo alpha decay is not unexpected and contributes to the lack of clarity in the cross-reactions. This study criticized the JWP report for overlooking subtleties associated with this issue, and considered it "problematic" that the only argument for the acceptance of the discoveries of moscovium and tennessine was a link they considered to be doubtful.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Forsberg |first1=U. |last2=Rudolph |first2=D. |first3=C. |last3=Fahlander |first4=P. |last4=Golubev |first5=L. G. |last5=Sarmiento |first6=S. |last6=Åberg |first7=M. |last7=Block |first8=Ch. E. |last8=Düllmann |first9=F. P. |last9=Heßberger |first10=J. V. |last10=Kratz |first11=A. |last11=Yakushev |display-authors=3 |date=9 July 2016 |title=A new assessment of the alleged link between element 115 and element 117 decay chains |url=http://portal.research.lu.se/portal/files/9762047/PhysLettB760_293_2016.pdf |journal=Physics Letters B |volume=760 |issue=2016 |pages=293–6 |doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2016.07.008 |access-date=2 April 2016|bibcode=2016PhLB..760..293F |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |url=http://www.epj-conferences.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2016/26/epjconf-NS160-02003.pdf |title=Congruence of decay chains of elements 113, 115, and 117 |last1=Forsberg |first1=Ulrika |last2=Fahlander |first2=Claes |last3=Rudolph |first3=Dirk |date=2016 |conference=Nobel Symposium NS160 – Chemistry and Physics of Heavy and Superheavy Elements |doi=10.1051/epjconf/201613102003|doi-access=free}}</ref>

On June 8, 2017, two members of the Dubna team published a journal article answering these criticisms, analysing their data on the nuclides <sup>293</sup>Ts and <sup>289</sup>Mc with widely accepted statistical methods, noted that the 2016 studies indicating non-congruence produced problematic results when applied to radioactive decay: they excluded from the 90% confidence interval both average and extreme decay times, and the decay chains that would be excluded from the 90% confidence interval they chose were more probable to be observed than those that would be included. The 2017 reanalysis concluded that the observed decay chains of <sup>293</sup>Ts and <sup>289</sup>Mc were consistent with the assumption that only one nuclide was present at each step of the chain, although it would be desirable to be able to directly measure the mass number of the originating nucleus of each chain as well as the excitation function of the <sup>243</sup>Am+<sup>48</sup>Ca reaction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zlokazov |first1=V. B. |last2=Utyonkov |first2=V. K. |date=8 June 2017 |title=Analysis of decay chains of superheavy nuclei produced in the <sup>249</sup>Bk+<sup>48</sup>Ca and <sup>243</sup>Am+<sup>48</sup>Ca reactions |journal=Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics |volume=44 |issue=75107 |pages=075107 |doi=10.1088/1361-6471/aa7293 |bibcode=2017JPhG...44g5107Z |doi-access=free}}</ref>

===Naming===
Using [[Mendeleev's predicted elements|Mendeleev's nomenclature for unnamed and undiscovered elements]], moscovium is sometimes known as ''eka-[[bismuth]]''. In 1979, IUPAC recommended that the [[placeholder name|placeholder]] [[systematic element name]] ''ununpentium'' (with the corresponding symbol of ''Uup'')<ref name="iupac">{{cite journal |author=Chatt, J. |journal=Pure Appl. Chem. |date=1979 |volume=51 |pages=381–384 |title=Recommendations for the Naming of Elements of Atomic Numbers Greater than 100 |doi=10.1351/pac197951020381 |issue=2|doi-access=free}}</ref> be used until the discovery of the element is confirmed and a permanent name is decided. Although widely used in the chemical community on all levels, from chemistry classrooms to advanced textbooks, the recommendations were mostly ignored among scientists in the field, who called it "element 115", with the symbol of ''E115'', ''(115)'' or even simply ''115''.<ref name="Haire" />

On 30 December 2015, discovery of the element was recognized by the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iupac.org/news/news-detail/article/discovery-and-assignment-of-elements-with-atomic-numbers-113-115-117-and-118.html |title=IUPAC - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: Discovery and Assignment of Elements with Atomic Numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118 |date=2015-12-30 |access-date=2015-12-31 |archive-date=2015-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231074712/http://www.iupac.org/news/news-detail/article/discovery-and-assignment-of-elements-with-atomic-numbers-113-115-117-and-118.html}}</ref> According to IUPAC recommendations, the discoverer(s) of a new element has the right to suggest a name.<ref>
{{cite journal 
|last=Koppenol |first=W. H. 
|date=2002 
|title=Naming of new elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2002)
|url=http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7405x0787.pdf 
|journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] 
|volume=74 |page=787 |issue=5 
|doi=10.1351/pac200274050787 
|s2cid=95859397
}}</ref> A suggested name was ''langevinium'', after [[Paul Langevin]]<!--: the symbol suggested was Ln, although that would clash with the symbol for a generic [[lanthanide]]-->.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oane.ws/2013/08/28/115-yy_element_ununpentium_mozhet_poyavitsya_v_tablitse_mendeleeva.html |title=115-ый элемент Унунпентиум может появиться в таблице Менделеева |date=28 August 2013 |website=oane.ws |access-date=23 September 2015 |quote=В свою очередь, российские физики предлагают свой вариант – ланжевений (Ln) в честь известного французского физика-теоретика прошлого столетия Ланжевена. |language=ru}}</ref> Later, the Dubna team mentioned the name ''moscovium'' several times as one among many possibilities, referring to the [[Moscow Oblast]] where Dubna is located.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jinr.ru/news_article.asp?n_id=841&language=rus |title=Весенняя сессия Комитета полномочных представителей ОИЯИ |last1=Fedorova|first1=Vera |date=30 March 2011 |website=JINR |publisher=[[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] |access-date=22 September 2015 |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rbth.com/economics/technology/2015/08/25/element-115-in-moscows-name_392319 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506173550/https://www.rbth.com/economics/technology/2015/08/25/element-115-in-moscows-name_392319 |archive-date=May 6, 2018 |title=Element 115, in Moscow's name |last1=Zavyalova |first1=Victoria |date=25 August 2015 |website=Russia & India Report |url-status=live |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>

In June 2016, IUPAC endorsed the latter proposal to be formally accepted by the end of the year, which it was on 28 November 2016.<ref name="IUPAC-June2016" /> The naming ceremony for moscovium, tennessine, and oganesson was held on 2 March 2017 at the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]] in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jinr.ru/posts/at-the-inauguration-ceremony-of-the-new-elements-of-the-periodic-table-of-d-i-mendeleev/ |title=At the inauguration ceremony of the new elements of the Periodic table of D.I. Mendeleev |last=Fedorova |first=Vera |date=3 March 2017 |website=jinr.ru |publisher=[[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] |access-date=4 February 2018}}</ref>

===Other routes of synthesis===
In 2024, the team at JINR reported the observation of one decay chain of <sup>289</sup>Mc while studying the reaction between [[plutonium-242|<sup>242</sup>Pu]] and <sup>50</sup>Ti, aimed at producing more neutron-deficient [[isotopes of livermorium|livermorium isotopes]] in preparation for synthesis attempts of elements [[ununennium|119]] and [[unbinilium|120]]. This was the first successful report of a charged-particle exit channel – the evaporation of a proton and two neutrons, rather than only neutrons, as the compound nucleus de-excites to the [[ground state]] – in a hot fusion reaction between an actinide target and a projectile with atomic number greater than or equal to 20.<ref name=jinr2024>{{Cite web |url=https://indico.jinr.ru/event/4343/contributions/28663/attachments/20748/36083/U%20+%20Cr%20AYSS%202024.pptx |title=Synthesis and study of the decay properties of isotopes of superheavy element Lv in Reactions <sup>238</sup>U + <sup>54</sup>Cr and <sup>242</sup>Pu + <sup>50</sup>Ti |last=Ibadullayev |first=Dastan |date=2024 |website=jinr.ru |publisher=[[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] |access-date=2 November 2024 |quote=}}</ref> Such reactions have been proposed as a novel synthesis route for yet-undiscovered isotopes of superheavy elements with several neutrons more than the known ones, which may be closer to the theorized [[island of stability]] and have longer half-lives. In particular, the isotopes <sup>291</sup>Mc–<sup>293</sup>Mc may be reachable in these types of reactions within current detection limits.<ref name=Yerevan2023PPT>{{cite conference |url=https://indico.jinr.ru/event/3622/contributions/20021/attachments/15292/25806/Yerevan2023.pdf |title=Interesting fusion reactions in superheavy region |first1=J. |last1=Hong |first2=G. G. |last2=Adamian |first3=N. V. |last3=Antonenko |first4=P. |last4=Jachimowicz |first5=M. |last5=Kowal |conference=IUPAP Conference "Heaviest nuclei and atoms" |publisher=Joint Institute for Nuclear Research |date=26 April 2023 |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=pxn>{{cite journal |last1=Hong |first1=J. |last2=Adamian |first2=G. G. |last3=Antonenko |first3=N. V. |date=2017 |title=Ways to produce new superheavy isotopes with ''Z''&nbsp;=&nbsp;111–117 in charged particle evaporation channels |journal=Physics Letters B |volume=764 |pages=42–48 |doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2016.11.002 |bibcode=2017PhLB..764...42H|doi-access=free }}</ref>