Editing Morphine (section)

=== Pain ===
Morphine is used primarily to treat both acute and [[chronic pain|chronic]] severe [[pain]]. Its duration of analgesia is about three to seven hours.<ref name=AHFS2015 /><ref name=Rockwood2009 /> Side effects of nausea and constipation are rarely severe enough to warrant stopping treatment.

It is used for pain due to [[myocardial infarction]] and for labor pains.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> However, concerns exist that morphine may increase mortality in the event of [[non ST elevation myocardial infarction]].<ref name="pmid15976786">{{cite journal | vauthors = Meine TJ, Roe MT, Chen AY, Patel MR, Washam JB, Ohman EM, Peacock WF, Pollack CV, Gibler WB, Peterson ED | title = Association of intravenous morphine use and outcomes in acute coronary syndromes: results from the CRUSADE Quality Improvement Initiative | journal = American Heart Journal | volume = 149 | issue = 6 | pages = 1043–9 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 15976786 | doi = 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.02.010 }}</ref>

Morphine has also traditionally been used in the treatment of [[acute pulmonary edema]].<ref name="AHFS2015" /> However, a 2006 review found little evidence to support this practice.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bestbets.org/bets/bet.php?id=376 |title = BestBets: Does the application of opiates, during an attack of Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedma, reduce patients' mortality and morbidity? | vauthors = Sosnowski MA |website = BestBets |publisher = Best Evidence Topics |access-date = 6 December 2008 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100616155329/http://bestbets.org/bets/bet.php?id=376 |archive-date = 16 June 2010 }}</ref>

A 2016 Cochrane review concluded that morphine is effective in relieving [[cancer pain]].<ref name="Wiffen_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiffen PJ, Wee B, Moore RA | title = Oral morphine for cancer pain | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 4 | pages = CD003868 | date = April 2016 | issue = 3 | pmid = 27105021 | pmc = 6540940 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003868.pub4 }}</ref>