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Mission San Luis Rey de Francia
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==Mexican era== [[File:The Luiseños Refusing to Work Under Captain Pablo de la Portillà.jpg|thumb|left|[[Luiseño]]s refusing to work for Captain [[Pablo de la Portillà]] in 1835.]] The first Peruvian Pepper Tree (''[[Schinus molle]]'') in California was planted here in 1830, now iconic, widely planted, and renamed the ''California Pepper tree'' in the state. After the [[Mexican secularization act of 1833]] much of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia land was sold off. Indigenous peoples, previously forced to work on missions, were freed from direct subjugation in the mission system through this act. When Native people at San Luis Rey learned of their impending freedom, they proclaimed together: "We are free! We do not want to obey! We do not want to work!" and left the mission by the thousands, returning to their rural communities "which in some cases their forebears had left two generations earlier."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Conquests and Historical Identities in California, 1769-1936|last=Haas|first=Lisbeth|publisher=University of California Press|year=1996|isbn=9780520207042|pages=38}}</ref> During the [[Mexican–American War#California campaign|Mexican–American War]] in [[Alta California]] (1846–1847), the Mission was utilized as a military outpost by the [[United States Army]].<ref name="young18" /> In July 1847, U.S. [[List of pre-statehood governors of California|military governor of California]] [[Richard Barnes Mason]] created an Indian sub-agency at Mission San Luis Rey, and his men took charge of the mission property in August, appointing Jesse Hunter from the recently arrived [[Mormon Battalion]] as sub-agent. Battalion guide [[Jean Baptiste Charbonneau]], the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[Shoshone]] child of [[Sacagawea]] who had traveled with the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] forty years earlier, was appointed by Mason as the [[Alcalde]] "within the District of San Diego, at or near San Luis Rey" in November 1847. Charbonneau resigned from the post in August, 1848, claiming that "because of his Indian heritage others thought him biased when problems arose between the Indians and the other inhabitants of the district."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Reading|first=Mrs. James |url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/65march/charbonneau.htm |title=Jean Baptiste Charbonneau: The Wind River Scout|journal=The Journal of San Diego History|date=June 1965|volume=11|issue=2}}</ref>
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