Editing Miranda do Douro (section)

==Geography==

===Physical geography===
Miranda do Douro is located in a region that skirts the border between the Portuguese Trás-os-Montes region, and the Spanish autonomous community of [[Castile and León]]. The relief in this region is influenced by hard quartzite deposits near the border region, making erosion difficult, resulting in high escarpments and cliffs. The soils are composed of [[schist]]s and [[granite]] bedrocks.

====Ecoregions/Protected areas====
[[File:Arribes del Duero - Miranda edited.jpg|thumb|left|[[Douro International Natural Park]].]]

The ''Parque Natural do Douro Internacional'' ({{langx|en|Douro International Nature Park}}), which encompasses the municipalities of [[Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo]], [[Freixo de Espada à Cinta]], Miranda do Douro and [[Mogadouro]], includes an area of {{convert|85150|ha|sqmi}}, along the border portion of the Douro River. It was created on 11 May 1998 to encompass the constituent territories that encompass the Rivers  Douro and Águeda, along the Spain-Portugal border that include similar geological and climatic conditions, and to help support flora and fauna in the region, while allowing appropriate human activities. The creation of the complementary ''Parque Natural de Arribes'' in Spain, allowed the systematic protection of an area that encompassed the larger ecosystem and biome.

===Climate===
Miranda do Douro has a warm-summer [[Mediterranean climate]] (''Csb''). Due to its inland location in the ''Nordeste Transmontano'', the area experiences extreme weather fluctuations. A common saying of the region goes: ''Em Miranda há nove meses de Inverno e três de Inferno ("In Miranda there are nine months of winter and three months of Hell")''.<ref name="Concelho">{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-mdouro.pt/concelho/|title=O Concelho|editor=Câmara Municipal|location=Miranda do Douro, Portugal|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Miranda do Douro|language=pt|access-date=10 May 2011|year=2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090623001214/http://www.cm-mdouro.pt/concelho/|archive-date=23 June 2009}}</ref> Summers tend to be dry and warm; while winters are rigorously cold with some snowfall,<ref name=Concelho/> having average minimum temperatures hovering around {{convert|0|C}} in January, and frequently falling negative, with 70 days of frost per year on average.<ref name="IPMA">{{cite web |url=http://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_71-00_MIRANDA_DO_DOURO.pdf |title=Monthly Averages for Miranda do Douro (1971–2000)|publisher=Instituto de Meteorologia}}</ref> The summer is completely opposite: hot and dry with maximum temperatures hovering around {{convert|30|C}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-mdouro.pt/clima/|title=O Concelho: Clima|editor=Câmara Municipal|location=Miranda do Douro, Portugal|publisher=Câmara Municipal de Miranda do Douro|language=pt|access-date=10 May 2011|year=2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110521054852/http%3A//www.cm%2Dmdouro.pt/clima/|archive-date=21 May 2011}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Miranda do Douro, elevation: {{convert|693|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1971-2000 normals and extremes
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes

|Jan record high C = 16.5
|Feb record high C = 20.0
|Mar record high C = 23.8
|Apr record high C = 28.5
|May record high C = 31.4
|Jun record high C = 36.1
|Jul record high C = 39.4
|Aug record high C = 40.8
|Sep record high C = 38.6
|Oct record high C = 29.2
|Nov record high C = 23.2
|Dec record high C = 20.5
|year record high C =

|Jan high C = 8.2
|Feb high C = 11.0
|Mar high C = 14.1
|Apr high C = 15.6
|May high C = 19.3
|Jun high C = 24.7
|Jul high C = 28.8
|Aug high C = 28.9
|Sep high C = 24.9
|Oct high C = 18.4
|Nov high C = 12.6
|Dec high C = 9.2
|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 4.1
|Feb mean C = 6.1
|Mar mean C = 8.3
|Apr mean C = 10.0
|May mean C = 13.4
|Jun mean C = 17.9
|Jul mean C = 21.2
|Aug mean C = 21.1
|Sep mean C = 17.9
|Oct mean C = 12.7
|Nov mean C = 7.8
|Dec mean C = 5.4
|year mean C =

|Jan low C = 0.0
|Feb low C = 1.1
|Mar low C = 2.5
|Apr low C = 4.4
|May low C = 7.6
|Jun low C = 11.1
|Jul low C = 13.5
|Aug low C = 13.4
|Sep low C = 11.0
|Oct low C = 7.2
|Nov low C = 3.1
|Dec low C = 1.5
|year low C =

|Jan record low C = -12.3
|Feb record low C = −11.6
|Mar record low C = -13.2
|Apr record low C = -5.2
|May record low C = -3.4
|Jun record low C = 2.1
|Jul record low C = 5.1
|Aug record low C = 4.3
|Sep record low C = -0.2
|Oct record low C = -4.9
|Nov record low C = -6.0
|Dec record low C = -7.4
|year record low C =

|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 62.9
|Feb rain mm = 54.2
|Mar rain mm = 29.9
|Apr rain mm = 56.4
|May rain mm = 59.3
|Jun rain mm = 35.9
|Jul rain mm = 16.3
|Aug rain mm = 14.4
|Sep rain mm = 33.8
|Oct rain mm = 60.5
|Nov rain mm = 61.7
|Dec rain mm = 76.4
|year rain mm =

|Jan precipitation days = 11.3
|Feb precipitation days = 10.8
|Mar precipitation days = 8.6
|Apr precipitation days = 11.7
|May precipitation days = 11.0
|Jun precipitation days = 7.0
|Jul precipitation days = 4.0
|Aug precipitation days = 3.9
|Sep precipitation days = 5.8
|Oct precipitation days = 9.6
|Nov precipitation days = 8.8
|Dec precipitation days = 12.0
|year precipitation days =

| Jan snow days = 1.1
| Feb snow days = 0.6
| Mar snow days = 0.5
| Apr snow days = 0.4
| May snow days = 0.1
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0
| Nov snow days = 0.1
| Dec snow days = 0.3
| year snow days =

|Jan sun = 100.2
|Feb sun = 137.9
|Mar sun = 200.7
|Apr sun = 203.7
|May sun = 248.0
|Jun sun = 306.4
|Jul sun = 348.1
|Aug sun = 331.7
|Sep sun = 227.7
|Oct sun = 183.4
|Nov sun = 136.9
|Dec sun = 93.2
|year sun =

|source = [[Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera|Instituto de Meteorologia]]<ref name="IPMA">{{cite web |url=http://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_71-00_MIRANDA_DO_DOURO.pdf |title=Monthly Averages for Miranda do Douro (1971–2000)|publisher=Instituto de Meteorologia}}</ref>}}

===Human geography===
{{stack|
{{Historical populations
|title = Population of<br>Miranda do Douro<br><small>(1801 - 2011)</small>
| 1801 | 88881
| 1849 | 7146
| 1900 | 10639
| 1930 | 11272
| 1960 | 18972
| 1981 | 9948
| 1991 | 8697
| 2001 | 8048
| 2011 | 7482
}}
}}

Administratively, the municipality is divided into 13 civil parishes (''[[freguesia (Portugal)|freguesias]]''):<ref>{{cite web|title=Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 71-72|url=http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2013/01/01901/0000200147.pdf |access-date=28 July 2014|author=Diário da República|author-link=Diário da República|language=pt}}</ref>
* [[Constantim e Cicouro]] ({{Langx|mwl|Custantin i Cicouro}})
* [[Duas Igrejas (Miranda do Douro)|Duas Igrejas]] ({{langx|mwl|Dues Eigreijas}})
* [[Genísio]] ({{langx|mwl|Zenízio}})
* [[Ifanes e Paradela]] ({{Langx|mwl|Infainç i Paradela}})
* [[Malhadas]]
* [[Miranda do Douro (parish)|Miranda do Douro]] ({{langx|mwl|Miranda de l Douro}})
* [[Palaçoulo]] ({{langx|mwl|Palaçuolo}})
* [[Picote (Miranda do Douro)|Picote]] ({{langx|mwl|Picuote}})
* [[Póvoa (Miranda do Douro)|Póvoa]] ({{langx|mwl|Pruoba}})
* [[São Martinho de Angueira]] ({{langx|mwl|San Martino}})
* [[Sendim e Atenor]] ({{Langx|mwl|Sendin i Atanor}})
* [[Silva e Águas Vivas]] ({{Langx|mwl|Silba i Augas Bibas}})
* [[Vila Chã de Braciosa]] ({{langx|mwl|Bila Chana de Barceosa}})

[[File:Miranda do Douro 10.JPG|thumb|200px|The municipal seat and principal town of the municipality of Miranda.]]