Editing Military doctrine (section)

==Development of doctrine==

Before the development of separate doctrinal publications, many nations expressed their military philosophy through regulations.

===United Kingdom===
Field Service Regulations were issued by the [[War Office]] in 1909, 1917, 1923, 1930, and 1935. Similar publications under various names were subsequently published. Formal British Military Doctrine was first published in 1988 and in 1996 became British Defence Doctrine applicable throughout the armed forces.

===France===
The development of military doctrine in France came about in the aftermath of the nation's defeat during the [[Franco-Prussian war]]. The [[École supérieure de guerre]], under the direction of its commandant, [[Ferdinand Foch]], began developing a consistent doctrine for handling armies, corps, and divisions. Foch's 1906 work, ''Des principes de la guerre'' (translated by [[Hilaire Belloc]] as ''The Principles of War'') expressed this doctrine.

===Prussia and German Empire===
Prussian doctrine was published as ''Regulations for the Instruction of the Troops in Field Service and the Exercises of the larger Units of the 17th June, 1870''. The doctrine was revised in 1887 and published in English in 1893 as ''The Order of Field Service of the German Army'', by Karl Kaltenborn und Stachau, and once again in 1908 as ''Felddienst Ordnung'' ("Field Service Regulations").

===Soviet Union===
Soviet doctrine was greatly influenced by [[M. V. Frunze]].<ref name="jacobs12">{{cite book |last1=Jacobs |first1=Walter Darnell |title=Frunze: The Soviet Clausewitz 1885–1925 |date=2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media}}</ref><ref name=beleyev84/>

===United States===
In the period between the [[Napoleonic Wars]] and the [[World War I|First World War]], doctrine was defined by the [[United States Department of War|War Department]] in "[[List of United States Army Field Manuals#Field Service Regulations|Field Service Regulations]]". In addition, many officers wrote military manuals that were printed by private publishers, such as Hardee's Tactics, used by both [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] and Union forces. General [[George B. McClellan]] wrote a cavalry manual, ''Regulations and Instructions for the Field Service of the U.S. Cavalry,'' in 1862.

The General Staff became responsible for writing Field Service Regulations. They were published in 1908, were revised in 1913 and again in 1914 based on experiences of European powers in the first months of the war.

As late as 1941 U.S. Army doctrine was published in ''[[List of United States Army Field Manuals#Field Service Regulations|Field Service Regulations&nbsp;– Operations]]''. This designation was dropped and replaced by [[United States Army Field Manuals|U.S. Army Field Manuals (FM)]].