Editing Midrash (section)

== As a genre ==
A definition of "midrash" repeatedly quoted by other scholars<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VtckDwAAQBAJ&dq=porton+defining+midrash&pg=PA16 Paul D. Mandel, ''The Origins of Midrash: From Teaching to Text'' (BRILL 2017), p. 16]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=e-CPBAAAQBAJ&dq=porton+defining+midrash&pg=PA10 Jacob Neusner, ''What Is Midrash?'' (Wipf and Stock 2014), p. 9]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9cs6AAAAQBAJ&dq=%22fixed+canonical+text%22&pg=PT127 Lidija Novaković, "The Scriptures and Scriptural Interpretation" in Joel B. Green, Lee Martin McDonald (editors), ''The World of the New Testament: Cultural, Social, and Historical Contexts'' (Baker Academic 2013)]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JB9afwfWFk8C&dq=porton+defining+midrash&pg=PA417 Martin McNamara, ''Targum and New Testament: Collected Essays'' (Mohr Siebeck 2011), p. 417]</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VpsXRHuGqc4C&dq=porton+defining+midrash&pg=PA163 |title=Carol Bakhos, ''Current Trends in the Study of Midrash'' (BRILL 2006), p. 163 |isbn=90-04-13870-6 |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229221915/https://books.google.com/books?id=VpsXRHuGqc4C&dq=porton+defining+midrash&pg=PA163#v=onepage&q=porton%20defining%20midrash&f=false |url-status=live |last1=Bakhos |first1=Carol |date=2006 |publisher=BRILL }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZlPDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22fixed+canonical+text%22&pg=PA71 |title=Andrew Lincoln, ''Hebrews: A Guide'' (Bloomsbury 2006), p. 71 |isbn=978-0-567-56495-5 |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229221914/https://books.google.com/books?id=CZlPDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22fixed+canonical+text%22&pg=PA71#v=onepage&q=%22fixed%20canonical%20text%22&f=false |url-status=live |last1=Lincoln |first1=Andrew |date=20 April 2006 |publisher=Bloomsbury }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7jceAQAAMAAJ&q=fixed+canonical |title=Adam Nathan Chalom, ''Modern Midrash: Jewish Identity and Literary Creativity'' (University of Michigan 2005), pp. 42 and 83 |isbn=978-0-496-98655-2 |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229221915/https://books.google.com/books?id=7jceAQAAMAAJ&q=fixed+canonical |url-status=live |last1=Chalom |first1=Adam Nathan |date=2005 |publisher=University of Michigan. }}</ref><ref name=Teugels>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aOVOYrZkrBoC&dq=Teugels+%22Porton+designed%22&pg=PA168 |title=Lieve M. Teugels, ''Bible and Midrash: The Story of "The Wooing of Rebekah" (Gen. 24)'' (Peeters 2004), p. 168 |isbn=978-90-429-1426-1 |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229221915/https://books.google.com/books?id=aOVOYrZkrBoC&dq=Teugels+%22Porton+designed%22&pg=PA168#v=onepage&q=Teugels%20%22Porton%20designed%22&f=false |url-status=live |last1=Teugels |first1=Lieve M. |date=2004 |publisher=Peeters Publishers }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOpKAwAAQBAJ&dq=porton+defining+midrash&pg=PA3 |title=Jacob Neusner, ''Midrash as Literature: The Primacy of Discourse'' (Wipf and Stock 2003), p. 3 |isbn=978-1-59244-220-1 |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229221916/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOpKAwAAQBAJ&dq=porton+defining+midrash&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q=porton%20defining%20midrash&f=false |url-status=live |last1=Neusner |first1=Jacob |date=16 April 2003 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers }}</ref> is that given by Gary G. Porton in 1981: "a type of literature, oral or written, which stands in direct relationship to a fixed, canonical text, considered to be the authoritative and revealed word of God by the midrashist and his audience, and in which this canonical text is explicitly cited or clearly alluded to".<ref>[https://archive.org/details/studyofancie_xxxx_1981_002_136506 <!-- quote=defining midrash. --> Gary G. Porton, "Defining Midrash" in Jacob Neusner (editor), ''The Study of Ancient Judaism: Mishnah, Midrash, Siddur'' (KTAV 1981), pp. 59−92]</ref>

Lieve M. Teugels, who would limit midrash to rabbinic literature, offered a definition of midrash as "rabbinic interpretation of Scripture that bears the lemmatic form",<ref name=Teugels/> a definition that, unlike Porton's, has not been adopted by others. While some scholars agree with the limitation of the term "midrash" to rabbinic writings, others apply it also to certain [[Qumran]] writings,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FI-t3H8xQ4gC&dq=Qumran+midrash&pg=PA86 |title=Matthias Henze, ''Biblical Interpretation at Qumran'' (Eerdmans 2005), p. 86 |isbn=978-0-8028-3937-4 |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229221920/https://books.google.com/books?id=FI-t3H8xQ4gC&dq=Qumran+midrash&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q=Qumran%20midrash&f=false |url-status=live |last1=Henze |first1=Matthias |date=2005 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans }}</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/libraryofqumrano00hart/page/118 <!-- quote=midrash. --> Hartmut Stegemann, ''The Library of Qumran: On the Essenes, Qumran, John the Baptist, and Jesus'' (BRILL 1998)]</ref> to parts of the [[New Testament]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WSSdBQAAQBAJ&dq=%22midrash+in+Paul%22&pg=PA50 |title=Craig A. Evans, "Listening for Echoes of Interpreted Scripture" in Craig A. Evans, James A. Sanders (editors), ''Paul and the Scriptures of Israel'' (Bloomsbury 2015), p. 50 |isbn=978-1-4742-3059-9 |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229221924/https://books.google.com/books?id=WSSdBQAAQBAJ&dq=%22midrash+in+Paul%22&pg=PA50#v=onepage&q=%22midrash%20in%20Paul%22&f=false |url-status=live |last1=Evans |first1=Craig A. |last2=Sanders |first2=James A. |date=29 January 2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rLVLAwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Matthew%27s+midrash%22&pg=PA644 George Wesley Buchanan, ''The Gospel of Matthew'' (Wipf and Stock 2006), p. 644 (vol. 2)]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qJaEAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22midrash+on+Psalm+110%22+Buchanan&pg=PA226 Stanley E. Porter, ''Dictionary of Biblical Criticism and Interpretation'' (Routledge 2007), p. 226]</ref> and of the Hebrew Bible (in particular the superscriptions of the Psalms, Deuteronomy, and Chronicles),<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/1369330/Origins_and_Emergence_of_Midrash_in_Relation_to_the_Hebrew_Scriptures Timothy H. Lim, "The Origins and Emergence of Midrash in Relation to the Hebrew Scriptures" in Jacob Neusner, Alan J. Avery-Peck (editors), ''The Midrash. An Encyclopaedia of Biblical Interpretation in Formative Judaism'' (Leiden: BRILL 2004), pp. 595-612]</ref> and even modern compositions are called midrashim.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3AKqetgd8G4C&q=modern+midrash David C. Jacobson, ''Modern Midrash: The Retelling of Traditional Jewish Narratives by Twentieth-Century Hebrew Writers'' (SUNY 2012)]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7jceAQAAMAAJ&q=modern+midrash Adam Nathan Chalom, ''Modern Midrash: Jewish Identity and Literary Creativity'' (University of Michigan 2005)]</ref>