Editing Metro Manila (section)

===Kingdom of Maynila===
{{Further|Maynila (historical polity)}}[[File:Map of Manila 1570.png|left|thumb|Map of ancient Manila in 1570. The polity of [[Maynila (historical polity)|Maynila]] shown in yellow.]]

[[Manila]], to the extent that it has this placename, was likely founded in the Middle Ages, in the early 16th century<ref name="Scott19942">{{cite book |last=Scott |first=William Henry |author-link=William Henry Scott (historian) |title=Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society |publisher=Ateneo de Manila University Press |year=1994 |isbn=971-550-135-4 |location=Quezon City}}</ref> due to the Sanskrit origin of the component "nila" in its name which refers to "indigo",<ref name="baumgartner">{{cite journal |last=Baumgartner |first=Joseph |date=March 1975 |title=Manila — Maynilad or Maynila? |journal=Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=52–54 |jstor=29791188}}</ref> and the prevalence of the placename during the rule of [[Rajah Matanda]], the old king of [[Maynila (historical polity)|Maynila]], who was born somewhere between the late 15th century to the early 16th century. The earliest evidence of Hinduism and Sanskrit influence in maritime Southeast Asia is in Sanskrit inscriptions from the late 300s in eastern Kalimantan (or Borneo). This analysis of the placename is supported by many other nearby placenames in the Tagalog region with the prefix "may-".

[[Manila]] has historically been a [[global city]] due to its role for international trade. By the 15th and 16th centuries, Manila was a walled and fortified city and was the capital of the Kingdom of Luzon. Its institution, government, and economy were associated with the Tagalogs and the Kapampangans, and the Malay language was extensively used for foreign affairs as customary in much of Southeast Asia at the time. It was also well known by other Southeast Asian kingdoms such as Cebu, Brunei, Melaka, other Malay kingdoms, and Ternate, and may be known in East Asia as far as China and Japan.

In the current territory of Metropolitan Manila, there were several lordships that were either sovereign or tributary such as [[Kingdom of Tondo|Tondo]] (''Tundun''), [[Navotas]] (''Nabútas''), [[Malabon|Tambobong]] (''Tambúbong''), [[Taguig]] (''Tagiig''), [[Parañaque]] (''Palanyág'') and [[Cainta (historical polity)|Cainta]] (''Kaintâ'').<ref name="B&R3Anonymous1572">{{cite book |chapter=Relation of the Conquest of the Island of Luzon |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4NEAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA141 |title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4NEAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Arthur H. Clark Company |year=1903 |editor-last=Blair |editor-first=Emma Helen |editor-link=Emma Helen Blair |volume=3 |location=Ohio, Cleveland |pages=145 |editor-last2=Robertson |editor-first2=James Alexander |editor-link2=James Alexander Robertson}}</ref>

Shortly after Rajah Matanda's birth, sometime around the early 16th century while he was ''rajahmuda'' or heir apparent, his father, the King of Luzon, died, leaving his mother as the queen regent of Luzon.<ref name="AganduruMoriz1882">{{Cite book |last=de Aganduru Moriz |first=Rodrigo |title=Historia general de las Islas Occidentales a la Asia adyacentes, llamadas Philipinas |series=Colección de Documentos inéditos para la historia de España, v.78-79. |publisher=Impr. de Miguel Ginesta |year=1882 |location=Madrid}}</ref> By 1511, Luzonians had been carrying out large-scale trade at least within maritime Southeast Asia with some Luzonians being hired as officials in Melaka and some Luzonian merchants gaining royal favors in Brunei. It was in Melaka that Luzonians met the Portuguese before the Portuguese conquest of Melaka in 1511. In 1521, Rajah Matanda, then still a young man known as Ache, was known in maritime Southeast Asia as the son of the King of Luzon. He married a princess of Brunei and served as an admiral for his grandfather, the Sultan of Brunei, in an attack near Java in exchange for soldiers and a fleet of ships. On the way home, he met and had an encounter with a Castilian fleet.<ref name="AganduruMoriz18822">{{Cite book |last=de Aganduru Moriz |first=Rodrigo |year=1882 |title=Historia general de las Islas Occidentales a la Asia adyacentes, llamadas Philipinas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hGJCHnA0ck0C |series=Colección de Documentos inéditos para la historia de España, v. 78-79. |location=Madrid |publisher=Impr. de Miguel Ginesta |oclc=24425618}}</ref>

Some Luzonians in the 1500s had also been taking part in mercenary work in other kingdoms. The Luzonians' commercial influence also reached as far as Butuan. By the 1570s, the ruling class of Manila together with the international Luzonian merchants were Muslim and Islam was spreading through the freemen and the slaves.

On May 24, 1570, the battle of Manila was fought between the Kingdom of Luzon, under the command of the heir apparent Prince Sulayman, and the Kingdom of Spain, under the command of field marshal Martin de Goiti who was aided by some foreign forces. This resulted in the arson and destruction of Manila.<ref name="B&R3Anonymous1572" />