Editing Membranophone (section)

==Length and breadth==
Membranophones can also be divided into small divisions based on length and breadth of sound production:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cnx.org/content/m11896/latest/|work=Connexions|author=Catherine Schmidt-Jones|title=Classifying Musical Instruments: Membranophones|access-date=January 22, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723081750/http://cnx.org/content/m11896/latest/|archive-date=July 23, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[Image:Kazoo.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mirlitons, as the kazoo in the picture, are a special class of membranophone, and is the only class that does not consist of true drums]]
*<span class="anchor" id="Tubular drums"></span>'''Tubular drums''' include a wide range of drum shapes all conforming to a "tube" shape, or generally, having a depth greater than the radius of the membrane. The Hornbostel-Sachs Classification defines 8 subcategories of tubular drums: ''Cylindrical'', ''Barrel-Shaped'', ''Double-Conical'', ''Hourglass-Shaped'', ''Conical'', ''Goblet-Shaped'', ''Cylindro-Conical'', and ''Vase-Shaped'' drums.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mimo-international.com/documents/hornbostel%20sachs.pdf |title=Revision of the Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Musical Instruments by the MIMO Consortium |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=July 8, 2011 |pages=8-10}}</ref>
*[[Eunuch flute|Mirlitons]], [[Kazoo]]s and [[Swazzle]]s vibrate in sympathy with sounds travelling across a membrane. These are the only membranophones that are not truly drums.

[[SIL International]] maintains a classification system based largely on shape:<ref name="SIL">{{cite web|url=http://www.sil.org/LinguaLinks/Anthropology/ExpnddEthnmsclgyCtgrCltrlMtrls/mMembranophones.htm |title=534m Membranophones |work=SIL |access-date=January 4, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060710200629/http://www.sil.org/lingualinks/anthropology/ExpnddEthnmsclgyCtgrCltrlMtrls/mMembranophones.htm |archive-date=July 10, 2006 }}</ref>

*'''[[Cylindrical drum]]s''' are straight-sided, and generally two-headed. A buzzing, percussive string is sometimes used. Examples include the [[bass drum]] and the Iranian ''dohol''.
*'''[[Conical drum]]s''' are sloped on the sides, and are usually one-headed. Examples include the Indian ''[[tabla]]'' and the Venezuelan ''chimbangueles''.
[[Image:USAFE Band timpanist.jpg|thumb|right|150px|A ''timpani'' is a kind of ''kettle drum'']][[Image:Cuica ArM.jpg|thumb|right|150px|A ''cuica'' is a kind of ''friction drum'']]
*'''[[Barrel drum]]s''' are normally one-headed, and may be open at the bottom. They bulge in the middle. Examples include the ''Dhak'' from eastern parts of India, ''bendre'', made by the [[Mossi people|Mossi]] of Burkina Faso out of a large [[calabash]], and the ''trong chau'' of Vietnam.
*'''[[Hourglass drum]]s''' (or '''''waisted drums''''') are [[hourglass]]-shaped and generally two-headed. The drumheads are laced onto the body, and the laces may be squeezed during performance to alter the drum's pitch. Examples include folk drums in India (like the ''[[damaru]]'') and much of Africa, as well as some [[talking drum]]s.
*'''[[Goblet drum]]s''' (or '''''chalice drums''''') are one-headed and [[goblet]] shaped, and are usually open at the bottom. Examples include the Egyptian [[Goblet drum|darbuka]], West-African ''[[djembe]]'', and the Arab ''darabukka''.
*'''[[Footed drum]]s''' are single-headed and are held above the ground by feet. The space between the drum and the ground provides extra resonance. Examples include a range of East African and Polynesian drums.
*'''[[Long drum]]s''' are a diverse category, characterized by extreme length. Examples include the single-headed hollow tree trunk drums of Africa and the ornately carved and dyed ''gufalo'' of the Nuna in Burkina Faso.
*'''[[Kettle drum]]s''' (or '''''pot drums''''' or '''''vessel drums''''') are frequently played in pairs, and have a vessel or pot body, are one-headed and usually tuned to a specific note. Examples include the [[timpani]] and the [[tabla|Indian tabla]].
*'''[[Frame drum]]s''' are composed of one or more membranes stretched across a frame. Examples include the [[tambourine]] and [[bodhrán]].
*'''[[Friction drum]]s''' produce sound through [[friction]], such as by rubbing a hand or object against the drumskin. Examples include the Brazilian ''[[cuica]]'' and the Spanish ''zambomba''.
*[[Eunuch flute|Mirlitons]], [[Kazoo]]s and [[Swazzle]]s produce sound by blowing air across a membrane.