Editing May 31 (section)

===Pre-1600===
* [[455]] &ndash; Emperor [[Petronius Maximus]] is [[Stoning|stoned to death]] by an [[Ochlocracy|angry mob]] while fleeing [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]. 
*[[1215]] &ndash; [[Zhongdu]] (now Beijing), then under the control of the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] ruler [[Emperor Xuanzong of Jin]], is captured by the [[Mongols]] under [[Genghis Khan]], ending the [[Battle of Zhongdu]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Harl |first=Kenneth W. |title=Empires of the Steppes: A History of the Nomadic Tribes Who Shaped Civilization |location=Toronto |publisher=Hanover Square Press |date=2023 |isbn=9781335429278 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DEtXEAAAQBAJ |page=91}}</ref>
*[[1223]] &ndash; Mongol invasion of the Cumans: [[Battle of the Kalka River]]: [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] armies of [[Genghis Khan]] led by [[Subutai]] defeat [[Kievan Rus']] and [[Cumans]].
*[[1293]] &ndash; [[Mongol invasion of Java]] was a [[punitive expedition]] against King [[Kertanegara]] of [[Singhasari]], who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of its ministers. However, it ended with failure for the [[Mongols]]. Regarded as establish City of [[Surabaya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indonesia.knoji.com/history-of-surabaya-east-java-indonesia/ |title=History of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia |last=Knoji |website=indonesia.knoji.com |access-date=2018-10-16 |archive-date=2018-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016165121/https://indonesia.knoji.com/history-of-surabaya-east-java-indonesia/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://seasia.co/2017/11/16/how-a-javanese-king-defeated-a-powerful-mongolian-emperor |title=How a Javanese King Defeated a Powerful Mongolian Emperor? &#124; Seasia.co |work=Good News from Southeast Asia |access-date=2018-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016204759/https://seasia.co/2017/11/16/how-a-javanese-king-defeated-a-powerful-mongolian-emperor |archive-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>
*[[1578]] &ndash; King [[Henry III of France|Henry III]] lays the first stone of the [[Pont Neuf]] (''New Bridge''), the oldest bridge of [[Paris|Paris, France]].<ref>Lasteyrie, R. de (1882). "Documents inédits sur la construction du Pont-Neuf," [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6322850r/f53.image.langEN ''Mémoires de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Ile de France''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724191116/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6322850r/f53.image.langEN |date=2020-07-24 }}, vol. 9 (1882), p. 47.</ref>