Editing Max Weber (section)

===Early life and education===
Maximilian Carl Emil Weber was born on 21 April 1864 in [[Erfurt]], Province of Saxony, Kingdom of Prussia, and his family moved to Berlin in 1869.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=2014|1pp=22, 144–145|2a1=Kim|2y=2022|3a1=Radkau|3y=2009|3p=5}} He was the oldest of [[Max Weber Sr.]] and Helene Fallenstein's eight children.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaelber|1y=2003|1p=38|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2p=11|3a1=Kaesler|3y=2014|3pp=148–149}} Over the course of his life, Weber Sr. held posts as a lawyer, civil servant, and parliamentarian for the [[National Liberal Party (Germany)|National Liberal Party]] in the [[Landtag of Prussia|Prussian Landtag]] and [[Reichstag (German Empire)|German Reichstag]].{{sfnm|1a1=Kaelber|1y=2003|1p=38|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2p=5|3a1=Honigsheim|3y=2017|3p=100}} His involvement in public life immersed his home in both politics and academia, as his [[Salon (gathering)|salon]] welcomed scholars and public figures such as the philosopher [[Wilhelm Dilthey]], the jurist [[Levin Goldschmidt]], and the historian [[Theodor Mommsen]]. The young Weber and his brother [[Alfred Weber|Alfred]], who also became a sociologist, passed their formative years in this intellectual atmosphere.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=1988|1pp=2–3, 14|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2pp=91–92}} Meanwhile, Fallenstein was partly descended from the French [[Huguenots|Huguenot]] {{Interlanguage link|Souchay family|de|Souchay (Familie)}}, which had obtained wealth through international commerce and the [[textile industry]].{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=2014|1pp=68, 129–137|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2p=9|3a1=Kim|3y=2022}} Over time, Weber was affected by the marital and personality tensions between his father, who enjoyed material pleasures while overlooking religious and [[philanthropy|philanthropic]] causes, and his mother, a devout [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] and philanthropist.{{sfnm|1a1=Radkau|1y=2009|1pp=54, 62|2a1=Kaelber|2y=2003|2pp=38–39|3a1=Ritzer|3y=2009|3p=32}}

[[File:Max Weber and brothers 1879.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Max Weber (left) and his brothers, [[Alfred Weber|Alfred]] (center) and Karl (right), in 1879|alt=A group photograph of Max Weber with his brothers Alfred and Karl]]

Weber entered the {{Lang|de|Doebbelinsche Privatschule}} in [[Charlottenburg]] in 1870, before attending the {{Lang|de|[[Kaiserin-Augusta-Gymnasium]]}} between 1872 and 1882.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=2014|1pp=176–178|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2p=561}} While in class, bored and unimpressed with his teachers, Weber secretly read all forty volumes by the writer [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]].{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=1988|1p=2|2a1=McKinnon|2y=2010|2pp=110–112|3a1=Kent|3y=1983|3pp=297–303}} Goethe later exerted an important influence on his thought and methodology.{{sfnm|1a1=McKinnon|1y=2010|1pp=110–112|2a1=Kent|2y=1983|2pp=297–303}} Before entering university, he read many other classical works, including those by the philosopher [[Immanuel Kant]].{{sfn|Kaesler|1988|pp=2–3}} For Christmas in 1877, a thirteen-year-old Weber gifted his parents two historical essays, entitled "About the Course of German History, with Special Reference to the Positions of the Emperor and the Pope" and "About the Roman Imperial Period from Constantine to the Migration Period". Two years later, also during Christmastime, he wrote another historical essay, "Observations on the Ethnic Character, Development, and History of the Indo-European Nations". These three essays were non-derivative contributions to the [[philosophy of history]] and were derived from Weber's reading of "numerous sources".{{sfnm|1a1=Sica|1y=2017|1p=24|2a1=Kaesler|2y=2014|2p=180}}

In 1882, Weber enrolled in [[Heidelberg University]] as a law student, later studying at the [[Humboldt University of Berlin|Royal Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin]] and the [[University of Göttingen]].{{sfnm|1a1=Radkau|1y=2009|1pp=31–33|2a1=Bendix|2a2=Roth|2y=1977|2pp=1–2}} He practiced law and worked as a lecturer simultaneously with his studies.{{sfnm|1a1=Berman|1a2=Reid|1y=2000|1pp=223–225|2a1=Allan|2y=2005|2p=146|3a1=Honigsheim|3y=2017|3p=101}} In 1886, Weber passed the [[Referendary|Referendar]] examination, which was comparable to the [[bar association]] examination in the British and U.S. legal systems. Throughout the late 1880s, he continued to study law and history.{{sfn|Kaelber|2003|pp=30–33}} Under the tutelage of Levin Goldschmidt and [[Rudolf von Gneist]], Weber earned his law doctorate in 1889 by writing a dissertation on legal history titled ''Development of the Principle of Joint Liability and a Separate Fund of the General Partnership out of the Household Communities and Commercial Associations in Italian Cities''. It was a part of a longer work, ''[[Zur Geschichte der Handelsgesellschaften im Mittelalter|On the History of Commercial Partnerships in the Middle Ages, Based on Southern European Documents]]'', which he published in the same year.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaelber|1y=2003|1p=33|2a1=Honigsheim|2y=2017|2p=239|3a1=Radkau|3y=2009|3p=563}} In the same year, Weber began working with the statistician [[August Meitzen]] to complete his [[Habilitation#Germany|habilitation]], a post-doctoral thesis, and completed it two years later. The dissertation, titled ''[[Roman Agrarian History and Its Significance for Public and Private Law]]'', focused on the relationship between Roman surveying and [[Agrarian law|Roman agrarian law]].{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=2014|1pp=335–341|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2pp=72–75, 563|3a1=Bendix|3a2=Roth|3y=1977|3pp=1–2}} Having thus become a {{Lang|de|[[Privatdozent]]}}, Weber joined the faculty of the Royal Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin, lecturing, conducting research, and consulting for the government.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=2014|1p=307|2a1=Honigsheim|2y=2017|2p=101}}

Weber's years as a university student were dotted with several periods of military service, the longest of which lasted between October 1883 and September 1884. During this time, he was in [[Strasbourg]] and attended classes at the [[University of Strasbourg]] that his uncle, the historian [[Hermann Baumgarten]], taught.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaelber|1y=2003|1p=30|2a1=Radkau|2y=2009|2pp=562–564}} Weber befriended Baumgarten and he influenced [[Interpretations of Max Weber's liberalism|Weber's growing liberalism]] and criticism of [[Otto von Bismarck]]'s domination of German politics.{{sfnm|1a1=Mommsen|1a2=Steinberg|1y=1984|1pp=2–9|2a1=Kaelber|2y=2003|2p=36|3a1=Radkau|3y=2009|3p=23}} He was a member of the ''{{Interlanguage link|Burschenschaft Allemannia Heidelberg|de}}'', a {{Lang|de|[[Studentenverbindung]]}} ("student association"), and heavily drank beer and engaged in [[academic fencing]] during his first few years in university.{{sfnm|1a1=Radkau|1y=2009|1pp=31–33|2a1=Kaesler|2y=2014|2pp=191, 200–202}} As a result of the latter, he obtained several [[dueling scar|duelling scar]]s on the left side of his face.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaesler|1y=2014|1pp=191, 207|2a1=Gordon|2y=2020|2p=32|3a1=Radkau|3y=2009|3pp=32–33}} His mother was displeased by his behaviour and slapped him after he came home when his third semester ended in 1883. However, Weber matured, increasingly supported his mother in family arguments, and grew estranged from his father.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaelber|1y=2003|1p=39|2a1=Ritzer|2y=2009|2p=32|3a1=Gordon|3y=2020|3p=32}}