Editing Max Newman (section)

==World War I==

Newman's studies were interrupted by [[World War I]]. His father was [[internment|interned]] as an [[enemy alien]] after the start of the war in 1914, and upon his release he returned to Germany. In 1916, Herman changed his name by [[deed poll]] to the anglicised "Newman" and Sarah did likewise in 1920.<ref name="dpa">{{Cite journal | last1 = Anderson | first1 = D. | title = Max Newman: Topologist, Codebreaker, and Pioneer of Computing | doi = 10.1109/MAHC.2007.4338447 | journal = IEEE Annals of the History of Computing | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 76–81 | year = 2007 }}</ref> In January 1917, Newman took up a teaching post at [[Archbishop Holgate's School|Archbishop Holgate's Grammar School]] in [[York]], leaving in April 1918. He spent some months in the [[Royal Army Pay Corps]], and then taught at [[Chigwell School]] for six months in 1919 before returning to Cambridge.<ref name="n176"/> He was called up for [[military service]] in February 1918, but claimed [[conscientious objection]] due to his [[belief]]s and his father's country of origin, and thereby avoided any direct role in the fighting.<ref>Paul Gannon, {{cite book |title=Colossus: The secrets of Bletchley Park's code-breaking computers |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-957814-6 }} pp. 225–226.</ref>