Editing Marshall McLuhan (section)

=== Undergraduate education ===
After studying for one year as an engineering student in Winnipeg, McLuhan changed majors and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree (1933), winning a University Gold Medal in Arts and Sciences.{{sfnm |1a1=Gordon |1y=1997 |1p=34 |2a1=Marchand |2y=1998 |2p=32}} He went on to receive a Master of Arts degree (1934) in English from the University of Manitoba as well. He had long desired to pursue graduate studies in England and was accepted by [[Trinity Hall, Cambridge]], having failed to secure a [[Rhodes scholarship|Rhodes Scholarship]] to study at [[Oxford University|Oxford]].<ref name=":0" />

Though having already earned his BA and MA in Manitoba, Cambridge required him to enroll as an undergraduate "affiliated" student, with one year's credit towards a three-year [[bachelor's degree]], before entering any [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctoral studies]].{{efn|McLuhan later commented  "One advantage we Westerners have is that we're under no illusion we've had an education. That's why I started at the bottom again."<ref>{{cite news |last=Dobbs |first=Kildare |author-link=Kildare Dobbs |date=March 10, 1962 |title=What Did You Say, Professor? |work=Star Weekly}} Cited in {{harvnb|Marchand|1998|p=35}}.</ref>}}{{sfn|Gordon|1997|p=40}} He went up to [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] in the autumn of 1934, studied under [[I. A. Richards]] and [[F. R. Leavis]], and was influenced by [[New Criticism]].<ref name=":0">Marchand, pp. 33–34</ref> Years afterward, upon reflection, he credited the faculty there with influencing the direction of his later work because of their emphasis on the "training of perception", as well as such concepts as Richards' notion of "[[I. A. Richards#Feedforward|feedforward]]".<ref>Marchand, pp. 37–47.</ref> These studies formed an important precursor to his later ideas on technological forms.<ref name="LAC">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20191201234701/https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/innis-mcluhan/index-e.html Old Messengers, New Media: The Legacy of Innis and McLuhan]." ''[[Collections Canada]]''. [[Government of Canada]]. [1998] 2008. Archived from the [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/innis-mcluhan/ original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019012924/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/innis-mcluhan/ |date=2017-10-19 }} on 1 December 2019.</ref> He received the required bachelor's degree from Cambridge in 1936{{sfn|Gordon|1997|p=94}} and entered their graduate program.