Editing Marshall, Texas (section)

===Republic of Texas and Civil War (1841–1860)===
[[Image:Wyalucing.jpg|left|thumb|The Wyalucing plantation was the childhood home of [[Lucy Holcombe Pickens]], the only woman whose image was used on [[Confederate States dollar|Confederate currency]]. It housed the office of the Trans-Mississippi Postal Department of the Confederacy. In 1880, [[freedmen]] bought the plantation and used it for the campus of [[Bishop College]], founded for black students. The main house was used as the president's house.]]

The city was founded in 1841 as the seat of Harrison County after failed attempts to establish a county seat on the [[Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)|Sabine River]]. It was incorporated in 1843.<ref name="Lale 7" /> The [[Republic of Texas]] decided to choose the land donated for the seat by [[Peter Whetstone]] and [[Isaac Van Zandt]] after Whetstone had proven that the hilly location had a good water source.

The city quickly became a major city in the state because of its position as a gateway to Texas; it was on the route of several major [[stagecoach]] lines. Later, one of the first railroad lines constructed into Texas ran through it.

The founding of several colleges, including a number of seminaries, teaching colleges, and incipient universities, earned Marshall the nickname "the [[Athens]] of Texas", in reference to the ancient Greek city-state. The city's growing importance was confirmed when Marshall was linked by a [[telegraph]] line to [[New Orleans]]; it was the first city in Texas to have a telegraph service.<ref name="Campbell">{{cite web |last=Campbell |first=Randolph B. |title=Marshall, Texas |work=The Handbook of Texas Online |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hem01 |access-date=2006-05-25 |date=2001-07-13}}</ref>

By 1860, Marshall was the fourth-largest city in Texas and the seat of its richest county. Developing the land for cotton [[plantations in the American South|plantations]], county planters held more [[slavery|slave]]s here than in any other county in the state. Many planters and other whites were strongly against the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] because of their investment in slavery.

When Governor [[Sam Houston]] refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederate States of America, Marshall's [[Edward Clark (governor)|Edward Clark]] was sworn in as governor.<ref>{{Cite web|last=WOOSTER|first=RALPH A.|date=2010-06-12|title=CLARK, EDWARD|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcl04|access-date=2020-06-18|website=tshaonline.org|language=en}}</ref> [[Pendleton Murrah]], Texas's third [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] governor, was also from Marshall.

The city became a major Confederate supply depot and manufacturer of [[gunpowder]] for the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate Army]].<ref name="Lale 12">Lale, p. 12.</ref> It hosted three conferences of [[Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War|Trans-Mississippi]] and [[Indian Territory]] leaders.

The exiled [[Confederate government of Missouri]] established Marshall as its temporary capital.<ref name="Campbell" /> The city took the nickname of the "City of Seven Flags".<ref name=":4" /> This was a nod to the [[flag of Missouri]], in addition to the [[six flags of Texas|six flags]] of the varying nations and republics that have flown over the city.

Also during the Civil War, after the fall of [[Vicksburg, Mississippi#History|Vicksburg]], Marshall became the seat of Confederate civil authority and headquarters of the Trans-Mississippi Postal Department. The city may have been the intended target of a failed Union advance that was rebuffed at [[Mansfield, Louisiana]].

Toward the end of the American Civil War, the Confederate government had $9.0 million in treasury notes and $3.0 million in [[postage stamp]]s shipped to Marshall.<ref name="Davis 413">{{cite book |last=Davis |first=William C. |year=2002 |title=Look Away!: A History of the Confederate States of America |edition=1st |publisher=Free Press |isbn=0-684-86585-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lookawayhistoryo00will/page/413 413] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/lookawayhistoryo00will }}</ref> They may have intended Marshall as the destination of a government preparing to flee from advancing armies.