Editing Mars Pathfinder (section)

==Science experiments==
[[File:Sojourner on Mars PIA01122.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Sojourner'' rover on Mars on sol 22]]
The ''Mars Pathfinder'' conducted different investigations on the Martian soil using three scientific instruments. The lander contained a [[stereo camera|stereoscopic camera]] with spatial filters on an expandable pole called Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP),<ref>{{Cite journal|title= The imager for Mars Pathfinder experiment|author1=Smith, P. H. |author2=Tomasko, M. G. |author3=Britt, D. |author4=Crowe, D. G. |author5=Reid, R. |author6=Keller, H. U. |author7=Thomas, N. |author8=Gliem, F. |author9=Rueffer, P. |author10=Sullivan, R. |author11=Greeley, R. |author12=Knudsen, J. M. |author13=Madsen, M. B. |author14=Gunnlaugsson, H. P. |author15=Hviid, S. F. |author16=Goetz, W. |author17=Soderblom, L. A. |author18=Gaddis, L. |author19=Kirk, R. |journal=[[Journal of Geophysical Research]] |volume= 102 |issue=E2 |pages=4003–4026 |date=1997 |doi=10.1029/96JE03568 |bibcode=1997JGR...102.4003S|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Results from the Mars Pathfinder camera |author1=Smith P. H. |author2=Bell J. F. |author3=Bridges N. T. |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume= 278|issue=5344 |pages=1758–1765|date=1997| doi=10.1126/science.278.5344.1758|pmid=9388170|bibcode = 1997Sci...278.1758S |doi-access=free }}</ref> and the Atmospheric Structure Instrument/Meteorology Package (ASI/MET)<ref>{{Cite journal| title= The Mars Pathfinder atmospheric structure investigation meteorology (ASI/MET) experiment|author1=Schofield J. T. |author2=Barnes J. R. |author3=Crisp D. |author4=Haberle R. M. |author5=Larsen S. |author6=Magalhaes J. A. |author7=Murphy J. R. |author8=Seiff A. |author9=Wilson G. |journal= Science|volume= 278|issue=5344|pages= 1752–1758|date= 1997| doi= 10.1126/science.278.5344.1752| pmid= 9388169|bibcode = 1997Sci...278.1752S |doi-access=free }}</ref> which acted as a Mars meteorological station, collecting data about pressure, temperature, and winds. The MET structure included three [[windsock]]s mounted at three heights on a pole, the topmost at about {{convert|1|m|ft|spell=in|sp=us}} and generally registered winds from the West.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/science/windsocks.html |title=Windsocks on Mars |work=JPL/NASA Mars Pathfinder |year=2005 |access-date=June 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011341/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/science/windsocks.html |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The ''[[Sojourner (rover)|Sojourner]]'' rover had an Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer ([[APXS]]),<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Determination of the chemical composition of Martian soil and rocks: The alpha proton X ray spectrometer |author1=R. Rieder |author2=H. Wänke |author3=T. Economou |author4=A. Turkevich |journal=  Journal of Geophysical Research |date= 1997 |volume= 102 |issue=E2 |pages=4027–4044 |doi=10.1029/96JE03918 |bibcode=1997JGR...102.4027R|doi-access=free }}</ref> which was used to analyze the components of the rocks and soil. The rover also had two black-and-white cameras and a color one. These instruments could investigate the geology of the Martian surface from just a few millimeters to many hundreds of meters, the [[geochemistry]] and evolutionary history of the rocks and surface, the [[magnetic]] and [[mechanics|mechanical]] properties of the land, as well as the magnetic properties of the dust, atmosphere and the [[rotation]]al and [[orbit]]al dynamics of the planet.
[[File:h rover-comp wheels 02.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Wheel size comparison: ''Sojourner'', [[Mars Exploration Rover]], [[Mars Science Laboratory]]]]
The rover was equipped with three [[Charge-coupled device|CCD]] cameras, all manufactured by [[Kodak|Eastman Kodak Company]] and controlled by the rover's CPU. The two front-facing monochrome cameras served navigation purposes and were coupled with five laser stripe projectors for [[stereoscopy|stereoscopic]] hazard detection. These front cameras had a resolution of 484 vertical by 768 horizontal pixels, and an [[optical resolution]] capable of discerning details as small as {{cvt|0.6|cm|in}} across a range of {{cvt|0.65|m|in}}. Images from these cameras could be compressed using the [[Block Truncation Coding|block truncation coding]] (BTC) algorithm.

The third camera, situated at the rear near the APXS, was used for color imaging. It shared the resolution of the front cameras but was rotated 90 degrees to capture images of both the APXS target area and the rover's tracks. This rear camera featured a 4x4 pixel block with specific color sensitivities: 12 pixels for green, two for red, and two for [[infrared]]. All cameras employed [[lenses]] made of [[zinc selenide]], which blocks light wavelengths below 500 nm; as a result, the blue/infrared pixels effectively detected only infrared light. Each camera had auto-exposure and bad-pixel handling functions. Image parameters, such as exposure time and compression settings, were included in the transmitted image headers. If BTC compression was to be used on the rear camera, the color information would need to be discarded.<ref name="sojcam" />

===''Pathfinder'' lander===

==== Imager for ''Mars Pathfinder'' (IMP), (includes [[magnetometer]] and [[anemometer]]) ====
Sources:<ref>{{Cite web |title=IMP Camera Specifications |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/imp/science/specs.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mars.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=P. H. |last2=Tomasko |first2=M. G. |last3=Britt |first3=D. |last4=Crowe |first4=D. G. |last5=Reid |first5=R. |last6=Keller |first6=H. U. |last7=Thomas |first7=N. |last8=Gliem |first8=F. |last9=Rueffer |first9=P. |last10=Sullivan |first10=R. |last11=Greeley |first11=R. |last12=Knudsen |first12=J. M. |last13=Madsen |first13=M. B. |last14=Gunnlaugsson |first14=H. P. |last15=Hviid |first15=S. F. |date=1997-02-25 |title=The imager for Mars Pathfinder experiment |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets |language=en |volume=102 |issue=E2 |pages=4003–4025 |doi=10.1029/96JE03568|bibcode=1997JGR...102.4003S |doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[File:Mars Pathfinder IMP camera.gif|thumb|Mars Pathfinder IMP camera closeup]]
[[File:Diagram of Mars Pathfinder IMP camera.jpg|thumb|Diagram of Mars Pathfinder IMP camera]]
The IMP had a set of filters designed to record surface and atmospheric phenomena. There were two cameras, or eyes, allowing for [[Stereoscopy|stereoscopic imagery]], with the set of filters being slightly different between them. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Mars Pathfinder Instrument Descriptions |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/mpf/sci_desc.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mars.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=How does the IMP work ? |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/imp/howdoes/how_does.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=mars.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=IMP Instrument Overview |url=https://atmos.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/MARS/pathfinder/logs/Instrument%20Overview.pdf |website=atmos.nmsu.edu}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+IMP filter characteristics<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
!Eye and Filter
!Center Wavelength (nm)
!Bandwidth (nm)
!Category
|-
|L0
|443
|26
|Stereo, Geology
|-
|L5
|671
|20
|Stereo, Geology
|-
|L6
|802
|21
|Geology
|-
|L7
|858
|34
|Geology
|-
|L8
|898
|41
|Geology
|-
|L9
|931
|27
|Stereo, Ranging, Geology
|-
|L10
|1003
|29
|Geology
|-
|L11
|968
|31
|Stereo, Ranging, Geology
|-
|R0
|443
|26
|Stereo, Geology
|-
|R5
|671
|20
|Stereo, Geology
|-
|R6
|752
|19
|Geology
|-
|R8
|600
|21
|Geology
|-
|R9
|531
|30
|Stereo, Ranging, Geology
|-
|R10
|480
|27
|Geology
|-
|R11
|967
|30
|Stereo, Ranging, Geology
|-
|L1
|450
|5
|Solar
|-
|L2
|883
|6
|Solar
|-
|L3
|925
|5
|Solar
|-
|L4
|935
|5
|Solar
|-
|R1
|670
|5
|Solar
|-
|R2
|946
|44
|Solar
|-
|R3
|936
|5
|Solar
|-
|R4
|989
|5
|Solar
|}

==== [[Celestial body atmosphere|Atmospheric]] and [[Meteorology|meteorological]] sensors (ASI/MET) ====
[[File:Mars Pathfinder lander scheme.jpg|thumb|Mars Pathfinder lander scheme. ASI/MET pole is visible extending towards the top.]]
The ASI/MET recorded temperature, pressure and wind data, during entry and descent, and once on the surface.<ref name=":1" /> It also housed electronics for sensor operation and data recording.<ref name=":1" />

===''Sojourner'' rover===
{{Main |Sojourner (rover)}}
# Imaging system (three cameras: front B&W stereo,<ref name="sojcam">{{cite web |url=http://pdsimg.jpl.nasa.gov/data/mpfr-m-rvrcam-2-edr-v1.0/mprv_0001/document/rcinst.htm |title=Rover Camera Instrument Description |work=NASA |access-date=June 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305001725/http://pdsimg.jpl.nasa.gov/data/mpfr-m-rvrcam-2-edr-v1.0/mprv_0001/document/rcinst.htm |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 1 rear color)
# [[Laser]] striper hazard detection system<ref name=Stone1996>{{cite report 
 | title =  Mars Pathfinder Microrover: A Small, Low-Cost, Low-Power Spacecraft 
 | author =  Stone, H. W.
 | year = 1996  
 | hdl = 2014/25424
 | url = http://hdl.handle.net/2014/25424}}</ref>
# Alpha Proton [[X-ray]] [[Spectrometer]] ([[Alpha particle X-Ray spectrometer|APXS]])
# Wheel Abrasion Experiment
# [[Materials Adherence Experiment]]
# [[Accelerometer]]s