Editing Marmalade (section)

== Etymology ==

[[File:FollowsAndBateMarmaladeCutter.jpg|thumb|Antique marmalade cutter, used to cut citrus fruit peel into thin slices]]

''Marmalade'' first appeared in the English language in 1480, borrowed from French {{lang|fr|marmelade}} which, in turn, came from the [[Galician-Portuguese]] word {{lang|pt|marmelada}}. According to José Pedro Machado's {{lang|pt|Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa|italic=yes}},<ref>"Etymological Dictionary of the Portuguese Language"</ref> the oldest known document where this Portuguese word is to be found is [[Gil Vicente]]'s play ''Comédia de Rubena'', written in 1521:

: {{lang|pt|Temos tanta marmelada}}
: {{lang|pt|Que a minha mãe vai me dar um pouco}}<ref>Translation: We have so much quince jelly / That my mother will give me some. [http://www.quimera-editores.com/vicente/pdf/Rubena.pdf Maria João Amaral, ed. Gil Vicente, ''Rubena'' (Lisbon:Quimera) 1961 (e-book)]</ref>

[[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] {{lang|grc|μελίμηλον}} {{lang|grc-Latn|melimēlon}} 'sweet apple', from {{lang|grc|μέλη}} 'honey' + {{lang|grc|μῆλον}} {{lang|grc|mēlon}} 'apple, round fruit', became [[Galician-Portuguese language|Galician-Portuguese]] {{lang|pt|marmelo}} 'quince'.<ref>''Klein’s Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language''</ref><ref name=Scott>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2366024 Melimelon], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek–English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref>

A folk etymology asserts that [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] ate marmalade as a treatment for [[Motion sickness|seasickness]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marmalade myths - Recipes from Scotland - National Library of Scotland |url=https://digital.nls.uk/recipes/themes/preserves/myths.html |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=digital.nls.uk}}</ref> and that the name is derived from her maids' whisper of {{lang|fr|Marie est malade}} ('Mary is ill'). In reality, the word's origin has nothing to do with Mary.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-mar3.htm |title=Marmalade |website=World Wide Words |access-date=2016-07-13}}</ref>

=== International usage ===

[[File:Green balls.jpg|thumb|''[[Vihreät kuulat]]'', green marmalade balls by [[Fazer]]]]

In much of Europe and Latin America, cognates for the English term ''marmalade'' are still used as a generic term for pulpy [[fruit preserves|preserves]] of all fruits, whereas in Britain it refers solely to preserves typically of [[citrus]] [[peel (fruit)|peel]], such as from [[grapefruit]], [[orange (fruit)|orange]] or [[lemon]].<ref name="Henry"/> The name originated in the [[16th century]] from [[Middle French]] {{lang|frm|marmelade}} and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], where {{lang|pt|marmelada}} applied to [[quince#Cultivation and uses|quince jam]].<ref>{{harvnb|Wilson|1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=marmalade |title=Marmalade |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper |date=2020 |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref>

In [[Finnish cuisine|Finnish]], [[Russian cuisine|Russian]] and former [[Soviet cuisine]], marmalade (Finnish: {{Lang|fi|marmeladi}}, Russian:  {{Lang|ru|мармелад}}, {{Transliteration|ru|marmelad}}) refers to a sugar-coated [[gummy candy]] made from [[agar]] and adapted from a French confectionery in the late 18th century. It is often sold in the form of marmalade slices made to resemble citrus wedges.<ref>{{cite web |last=Malinka |first=Vasilisa |title=Lemon marmalade slices: Soviet sweets that make any tea time special |url=https://www.rbth.com/russian-kitchen/331165-lemon-marmalade-slices-soviet-sweets |website=[[Russia Beyond]] |access-date=8 August 2022 |date=22 October 2019}}</ref> An example of ''marmeladi'' candies in Finland is [[Vihreät kuulat]] ([[Finnish language|Finnish]] for "green balls"), a brand of [[pear]]-flavored gummy candies created by Finnish confectioner [[Karl Fazer]] from a recipe from [[St. Petersburg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fazer.fi/tuotteet-ja-asiakaspalvelu/makeiset/artikkelit/marmeladimakeiset/ |title=Marmeladimakeiset - pala makeaa historiaa |lang=fi |trans-title=Marmalade sweets - a piece of sweet history |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210443/https://www.fazer.fi/tuotteet-ja-asiakaspalvelu/makeiset/artikkelit/marmeladimakeiset/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>