Editing Marlborough Sounds (section)

== History ==

===Pre-modern era===
The sounds were extensively travelled and partly inhabited by [[Māori people|Māori]] groups before the coming of the Europeans, using the sounds as shelter from bad weather and partaking of the rich food sources. Māori were also known to carry their canoes over some stretches of land on [[portage]] paths.<ref name="DOCHIST"/> However, as in most areas of the South Island, populations were smaller than in the North Island.

European history of the area is considered to start with [[Captain Cook]]'s visit to the sounds in the 1770s, discovering a plant ([[Lepidium oleraceum|Cook's scurvy grass]]) high in [[vitamin C]] which helped to cure [[scurvy]] amongst his crew. On [[Motuara Island]], Cook also proclaimed British sovereignty over the South Island.<ref name="DOCHIST"/> Some parts of the sounds also later developed a significant [[whaling]] history,<ref name="DOCHIST"/> and much of the sounds was (thinly) settled by European farmers in the late 19th and early 20th century.{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}}

===Ferries and marine farms===
[[Image:Marlborough Sounds From Ferry.jpg|thumb|The Marlborough Sounds as seen from the Wellington-Picton ferry.]]

The Marlborough Sounds are connected to [[Cook Strait]] at the north-east extreme. At this point, the [[North Island]] is at its closest to the South Island, and the inter-island road, rail, and passenger [[ferry]] service between Picton and [[Wellington]] travels through the sounds.

Marine farming, especially of [[salmon]] and [[mussel]]s, is increasingly common, having started in the 1960s.<ref>[https://archive.today/20070814143153/http://the6322s2.handel.2day.com/industry/aton/marifarm.asp History of the NZMFA] New Zealand Seafood Industry Council</ref> However, the [[Wake (physics)|wake]]s caused by fast [[catamaran]] vehicular ferry services to the North Island have allegedly damaged farms and destroyed [[crab]] grounds. They were also blamed for stripping the local beaches bare of sand, and damaging landings and other facilities built close to the water's edge. This resulted in a dispute heard in the New Zealand [[Environment Court]] in the early 1990s, brought forward by the 'Guardians of the Sounds' group. The court, however, not only refused to restrict the fast ferries but also awarded NZ$300,000 in court costs against the citizen group which had brought the case. This was seen as a strong blow against civic action, and a curtailing of the powers of the [[Resource Management Act 1991|Resource Management Act]].

However, as damage increasingly became visible, and protests continued, the fast ferries (which only operated for the summer season) were eventually restricted to a lower speed of 18 knots in the sounds (officially for safety reasons), reducing their time advantage over the conventional ferries.<ref>[http://www.guardiansofthesounds.org.nz/fastferries.htm Fast Ferries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718212826/http://www.guardiansofthesounds.org.nz/fastferries.htm |date=2007-07-18 }} (from the ''Guardians of the Sounds'' action group website)</ref> They have since been discontinued.

In July/August 2007, the 'Guardians of the Sounds' environmentalist group planned a 100-ship flotilla protest against [[Scallop dredge|scallop dredging]] in the sounds, which they consider damages the ecosystem of the sounds similar to [[trawling|bottom trawling]] in the open sea. The protest was intended to call attention to what they allege is the Ministry of Fisheries ignoring the detrimental effect of the practice. Commercial scallops harvesting companies have warned that protests could endanger lives if the protesters engaged in dangerous manoeuvres, while the Ministry of Fisheries has also noted that only 6% of the sounds are set aside for the dredging, though this had been much more extensive in the past.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10450166">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10450166 |title=100-strong flotilla to stage protest on scallop fishing |author=Booker, Jarrod |date=7 July 2007 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref>