Editing Marinette, Wisconsin (section)

==History==
[[File:2009-0619-Marinette-library.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Stephenson Public Library]]
[[File:2009-0619-Marinette-DunlapSquare.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Dunlap Square Building]] in downtown, listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]]]
The site of Marinette was first settled by a small [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquin]] band of [[Menominee people]], referred to by the neighboring [[Ojibwe people|Ojibwe]] as "the [[wild rice]] people" for their staple crop. The band consisted of 40 to 80 men and their families. They lived at the mouth of the Menominee River in the 17th and 18th centuries, which, according to their creation story, was the tribe's place of origin.

Before 1830, French Canadians established a [[fur trading]] post at the settlement. The first European settler was Stanislaus Chappu, also known as Chappee. After the [[War of 1812]], the United States took over this area and the fur trade. They refused to license Canadian traders to operate on the American side of the border, although prior to the war, they and the Americans had easily passed back and forth across the border. [[John Jacob Astor]]'s [[American Fur Company]] became most prominent in the region, although the fur trade was declining after 1830.

In the late 19th century, the city developed rapidly as a port and processing area for [[lumber]] harvested in the interior. Logs were floated down the Menominee River and shipped out on [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]] to communities around the [[Great Lakes]] and to the [[Eastern United States|East]]. In 1853, the population was 478; by 1860 the number of people in the growing community had reached 3,059.

Due to the lumbering boom, between 1890 and 1900, the population more than doubled from 7,710 to its peak of 16,195.<ref name="archist">[http://marinette.wi.us/history/index.php "A Brief History of Marinette"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110135932/http://marinette.wi.us/history/index.php |date=January 10, 2015 }}, 2009, City of Marinette website, from ''Surviving Architecture of a Menominee River Boom Town,''  1990, 1996, City of Marinette, Wisconsin, accessed January 21, 2015</ref> At that time, it was the tenth-largest city in Wisconsin. It had a wide variety of businesses and a new [[courthouse]], city hall, [[opera house]], two [[hospital]]s, a [[Tram|street railway]], more than a dozen hotels and [[boarding house]]s, thirty saloons, and major industries, including the Marinette Iron Works, Marinette Flour Mill, the A.W. Stevens farm implement company, and the M & M Paper Company.<ref name="archist"/>

The saloons accommodated the many single men who worked in the lumber industry.

Although [[Logging|lumbering]] trailed off at the start of the 20th century, with clear cutting of some areas, the town has continued to take advantage of its position along those bodies of water. Three bridges cross the river to connect Marinette to [[Menominee, Michigan]], often called its twin city. Lumbering still contributes to the area economy, but jobs and population declined when the industry slowed.

Marinette has a major paper mill ([[Kimberly Clark]]), and other plants such as [[Marinette Marine]], a shipyard owned by the Italian firm, Fincantieri; [[Ansul]]/Tyco, a manufacturer of fire protection systems; [[Waupaca Foundry]], KS Kolbenschmidt US Inc. formerly known as Karl Schmidt Unisia, Inc.,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=4245207|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813012449/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=4245207|archive-date=August 13, 2014|title=Karl Schmidt Unisia, Inc.: Private Company Information – Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com}}</ref> cast and machined automotive parts; Samuel Pressure Vessel Group a manufacturer of pressure vessels and part of the Samuel, Son and Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samuelpressurevesselgroup.com|title=Samuel Pressure Vessel Group|work=samuelpressurevesselgroup.com}}</ref>

The county seat includes what is now the eastern neighborhood of Menekaunee, formerly an independent village.<ref>George Wilbur Peck. ''Wisconsin: Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons, Arranged in Cyclopedic Form.'' Madison: Western Historical Association, 1906, p. 265.</ref> The first [[European Americans|European-American]] settlers came to Menekaunee in 1845.<ref>1914. "The State Helping the City," ''The Municipality'' 14: 687 ff., p. 691.</ref> For some time Menekaunee was also known as East Marinette.<ref>Alvah Littlefield Sawyer. ''A History of the Northern Peninsula of Michigan and Its People: Its Mining, Lumber and Agricultural Industries''. Chicago: Lewis, 1911, p. 880.</ref> The name Menekaunee is of [[Menominee language|Menominee]] origin, from ''Minikani Se'peu,'' meaning 'village or town river'.<ref>Virgil J. Vogel. ''Indian Names on Wisconsin's Map''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991, p. 117.</ref>

Two [[President of the United States|Presidents of the United States]]—[[John F. Kennedy]] during the [[1960 United States presidential election|1960 presidential election]] and [[Donald Trump]] during the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]]—have visited the town during their campaigns.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy at Marinette, Wisconsin, March 20, 1960 {{!}} JFK Library|url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/archives/other-resources/john-f-kennedy-speeches/marinette-wi-19600320|access-date=November 28, 2020|website=www.jfklibrary.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=EBSCH|first=LARRY|title=JFK paid a visit to Marinette|url=https://www.ehextra.com/feature_pages/from_the_past_byelines/jfk-paid-a-visit-to-marinette/article_11415920-b071-5a1d-8e9f-8fe73c0fddd0.html|access-date=November 28, 2020|website=The EagleHerald|date=September 29, 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bollier|first=Haley BeMiller and Jeff|title=President Trump praises workers in visit to Fincantieri Marinette Marine, touts $5.5 billion Navy contract|url=https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/2020/06/25/president-trump-visits-wisconsin-green-bay-marinette-fincantieri/3242150001/|access-date=November 28, 2020|website=Green Bay Press-Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Remarks by President Trump at Fincantieri Marinette Marine {{!}} Marinette, WI|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-fincantieri-marinette-marine-marinette-wi/|access-date=November 28, 2020|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Kennedy delivered a speech promoting expanded [[Farmers Home Administration]] loans and criticizing Secretary of Agriculture [[Ezra Taft Benson]], while Trump discussed his administration's manufacturing policy, military buildup, and [[United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />