Editing Marcus Garvey (section)

===Childhood: 1887–1904===
[[File:Garvey Statue.jpg|thumb|upright|left|A statue of Garvey now stands in [[Saint Ann's Bay, Jamaica|Saint Ann's Bay]], the town where he was born]]
Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born on 17 August 1887 in [[Saint Ann's Bay, Jamaica|Saint Ann's Bay]], a town in the British [[colony of Jamaica]].{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=4|2a1=Hart|2y=1967|2p=218|3a1=Martin|3y=1983|3p=8|4a1=Grant|4y=2008|4pp=8, 9}} In the context of colonial Jamaican society, which had a [[Discrimination based on skin color|colourist]] social hierarchy, Garvey was considered at the lowest end, being a black child who was of full [[Africa]]n descent.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=5|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=55}} However, later genetic research nevertheless revealed that he had ancestors from the [[Iberian Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DNA used to reveal MLK and Garvey's European Lineage |website=The Gio |date=13 January 2011 |url=https://thegrio.com/2011/01/13/dna-used-to-reveal-mlk-and-garveys-african-lineage/ |access-date=16 May 2019 }}</ref> Garvey's paternal great- grandfather had been [[Slavery in the British and French Caribbean|born into slavery]] prior to its [[Emancipation of the British West Indies|abolition in Jamaica]].{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=168}} His surname, which was of Irish origin, had been inherited from his family's former enslavers.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=168}}

His father, Malchus Garvey, was a stonemason;{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=8}} his mother, Sarah Richards, was a domestic servant and the daughter of peasant farmers.{{sfn|Grant|2008|pp=8–9}} Malchus had had two previous wives before Sarah, having six children between them.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=9}} Sarah bore him four additional children, of whom Marcus was the youngest, although two died in infancy.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=9}} Because of his profession, Malchus' family were wealthier than many of their peasant neighbours;{{sfnm|1a1=Moses|1y=1972|1p=38|2a1=Martin|2y=1983|2p=8|3a1=Grant|3y=2008|3p=9}} they were [[Petite bourgeoisie|petite bourgeoise]].{{sfn|Moses|1972|p=39}} Malchus was however reckless with his money and over the course of his life lost most of the land he owned to meet payments.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1pp=6–7|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=12}} Malchus had a book collection and was self-educated;{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=7|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=9}} he also served as a deacon at a local [[Wesleyanism|Wesleyan]] church.{{sfnm|1a1=Moses|1y=1972|1p=38|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=9}} <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=From the Reckord {{!}} The influence of National Hero Marcus Garvey's parents |url=https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20200207/reckord-influence-national-hero-marcus-garveys-parents |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=The Gleaner |type=This is a review of a book by Rupert Lewis called "Marcus Garvey" published by University of West Indies Press in 2018. The information is likely to come from that book}}</ref>Malchus was an intolerant and punitive father and husband;{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=10}} he never had a close relationship with his son.{{sfn|Martin|1983|p=8}}

Up to the age of 14, Garvey attended a local church school; further education was unaffordable for the family.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=13}} When not in school, Garvey worked on his maternal uncle's tenant farm.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=11}} He had friends, with whom he once broke the windows of a church, resulting in his arrest.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1p=9|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=10}} Some of his friends were white, although he found that as they grew older they distanced themselves from him;{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=8|2a1=Moses|2y=1972|2pp=39–40|3a1=Martin|3y=1983|3p=9}} he later recalled that a close childhood friend was a white girl: "We were two innocent fools who never dreamed of a race feeling and problem."{{sfn|Moses|1972|p=39}} In 1901, Marcus was apprenticed to his [[Godparent|godfather]], a local printer.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=11|2a1=Martin|2y=1983|2p=10|3a1=Grant|3y=2008|3p=13}} In 1904, the printer opened another branch at [[Port Maria]], where Garvey began to work, travelling from Saint Ann's Bay each morning.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=14}}