Editing March of the Volunteers (section)

==Special administrative regions==
The anthem was played during the [[Hong Kong handover ceremony|handover of Hong Kong]] from the [[United Kingdom]] in 1997<ref>Ho Wai-chung. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7VieYfjWRV0C&pg=PA69 ''School Music Education and Social Change in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan'', p.&nbsp;69.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103211849/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7VieYfjWRV0C&pg=PA69 |date=3 January 2019 }} Koninklijke Brill NV (Leiden), 2011. {{ISBN|9789004189171}}.</ref> and during the [[handover of Macau]] from [[Portugal]] in 1999. It was adopted as part of Annex III of the [[Basic Law of Hong Kong]], taking effect on 1 July 1997,<ref name=hk>[[s:Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]], [[s:Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region/Annex III|Annex III]]. [[7th National People's Congress]] (Beijing), 4 April 1990. Hosted at [[s:Main Page|Wikisource]].</ref> and as part of Annex III of the [[Basic Law of Macau]], taking effect on 20 December 1999.<ref name="macao">[[s:Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region|Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region]], [[s:Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region/Annex III|Annex III]]. [[8th National People's Congress]] (Beijing), 31 March 1993. Hosted at [[s:Main Page|Wikisource]].</ref>

=== Macau ===
The use of the anthem in the [[Macau Special Administrative Region]] is particularly governed by Law No.5/1999, which was enacted on 20 December 1999. Article 7 of the law requires that the anthem be accurately performed pursuant to the sheet music in its Appendix 4 and prohibits the lyrics from being altered. Under Article 9, willful alteration of the music or lyrics is [[criminal law|criminally]] punishable by imprisonment of up to two years or up to 360 [[day-fine]]s<ref>{{lang|zh|[[s:zh:第5/1999號法律|第5/1999號法律 國旗、國徽及國歌的使用及保護]]}} [''Dì 5/1999 Háo Fǎlǜ: Guóqí, Guóhuī jí Guógē de Shǐyòng jí Bǎohù'', "Law №5/1999: The Use and Protection of the [[National Flag of the People's Republic of China|National Flag]], [[National Emblem of the People's Republic of China|National Emblem]], and National Anthem"]. [[Legislative Assembly of Macau|Legislative Assembly]] (Macao), 20 December 1999. Hosted at the [[s:zh:Main Page|Chinese Wikisource]]. {{in lang|zh}}</ref><ref>{{lang|pt|[[s:pt:Lei de Macau 5 de 1999|Lei n.º&nbsp;5/1999: Utilização e protecção da bandeira, emblema e hino nacionais]]}} ["Law №5/1999: The Use and Protection of the [[National Flag of the People's Republic of China|National Flag]], [[National Emblem of the People's Republic of China|Emblem]], and Anthem"]. [[Legislative Assembly of Macau|Legislative Assembly]] (Macao), 20 December 1999. Hosted at the [[s:pt:Main Page|Portuguese Wikisource]]. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> and, although both [[Chinese language|Chinese]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] are official languages of the region, the provided sheet music has its lyrics only in [[Chinese characters|Chinese]]. Mainland China has also passed a similar law in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.www.gov.cn/news/top_news/2017/10/01/content_281475895755376.htm|title=China's national anthem law takes effect|website=english.www.gov.cn|access-date=14 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114073754/http://english.www.gov.cn/news/top_news/2017/10/01/content_281475895755376.htm|archive-date=14 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Hong Kong ===
Nonetheless, the Chinese National Anthem in [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] now forms a mandatory part of [[Secondary education in Hong Kong|public secondary education in Hong Kong]] as well.<ref name="hohoho">Ho (2011), [https://books.google.com/books?id=7VieYfjWRV0C&pg=PA36 p.&nbsp;36.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020435/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7VieYfjWRV0C&lpg=PA36 |date=7 November 2017 }}</ref> The local government issued a circular in May 1998 requiring government-funded schools to perform [[Flag of the People's Republic of China|flag]]-raising ceremonies involving the singing of the "March of the Volunteers" on particular days: the first day of school, the "[[Open day (school)|open day]]", [[National Day (PRC)|National Day]] (1 October), New Year's (1 January), the "sport day", [[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day|Establishment Day]] (1 July), the graduation ceremony, and for some other school-organized events; the circular was also sent to the SAR's [[private school]]s.<ref>Ho (2011), [https://books.google.com/books?id=7VieYfjWRV0C&pg=PA89 pp.&nbsp;89&nbsp;ff.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011421/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7VieYfjWRV0C&pg=PA89 |date=7 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>Lee, Wing On.<!-- sic --> [https://books.google.com/books?id=btkuYUgXLRIC&pg=PA36 "The Development of Citizenship Education Curriculum in Hong Kong after 1997: Tensions between National Identity and Global Citizenship" in ''Citizenship Curriculum in Asia and the Pacific'', p.&nbsp;36.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107005406/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=btkuYUgXLRIC&pg=PA36 |date=7 November 2017 }} Comparative Education Research Centre (Hong Kong), 2008.</ref> The official policy was long ignored, but—following massive and unexpected public demonstrations in 2003 against proposed anti-subversion laws—the ruling was reiterated in 2004<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjc3zF0hI6wC&pg=PA57 |title="Positioning at the Margins" in ''Diasporic Histories: Cultural Archives of Chinese Transnationalism'', pp. 57 f. |isbn=9789622090804 |access-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107033020/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pjc3zF0hI6wC&pg=PA57 |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=live|last1=Riemenschnitter |first1=Andrea |last2=Madsen |first2=Deborah L. |date=August 2009 |publisher=Hong Kong University Press }}</ref><ref name="vicky" /> and, by 2008, most schools were holding such ceremonies at least once or twice a year.<ref>Mathews, Gordon &&nbsp;al. [https://books.google.com/books?id=UqmFL5d-bAAC&pg=PA89 ''Hong Kong, China: Learning to Belong to a Nation'', p.&nbsp;89.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107033251/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UqmFL5d-bAAC&pg=PA89 |date=7 November 2017 }} Routledge (Abingdon), 2008. {{ISBN|0415426545}}.</ref> From [[National Day (PRC)|National Day]] in 2004, as well, Hong Kong's [[Local programming|local television networks]] have also been required to preface their evening news with government-prepared<ref>''Hong Kong 2004: Education'': [http://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2004/en/07_11.htm "Committee on the Promotion of Civic Education"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704092855/https://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2004/en/07_11.htm |date=4 July 2019 }}. Government Yearbook (Hong Kong), 2015. Accessed 25 January 2015.</ref> promotional videos including the national anthem in Mandarin.<ref name="vicky">Vickers, Edward. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QwXgYeQRVHsC&pg=PA94 "Learning to Love the Motherland: 'National Education' in Post-Retrocession Hong Kong" in ''Designing History in East Asian Textbooks: Identity Politics and Transnational Aspirations'', p.&nbsp;94] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107023017/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QwXgYeQRVHsC&pg=PA94 |date=7 November 2017 }}. Routledge (Abingdon), 2011. {{ISBN|9780415602525}}.</ref> Initially a pilot program planned for a few months,<ref name="mrwong" /> it has continued ever since. Viewed by many as propaganda,<ref name="mrwong">Wong, Martin. [http://www.scmp.com/article/472472/national-anthem-be-broadcast-news "National Anthem To Be Broadcast before News".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816101148/https://www.scmp.com/article/472472/national-anthem-be-broadcast-news |date=16 August 2019 }} ''South China Morning Post'' (Hong Kong), 1 October 2004.</ref><ref>Luk, Helen. [http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1238125/posts "Chinese National Anthem Video Draws Fire from Hong Kong People"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125225011/http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1238125/posts |date=25 January 2016 }}. Associated Press, 7 October 2004.</ref><ref>Jones, Carol. [http://www.lse.ac.uk/asiaResearchCentre/countries/taiwan/TaiwanProgramme/Journal/JournalContents/TCP5Jones.pdf "Lost in China? Mainlandisation<!--sic--> and Resistance in Post-1997 Hong Kong" in ''Taiwan in Comparative Perspective'', Vol.&nbsp;5, pp.&nbsp;28&ndash;ff.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062021/http://www.lse.ac.uk/asiaResearchCentre/countries/taiwan/TaiwanProgramme/Journal/JournalContents/TCP5Jones.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }} London School of Economics (London), July 2014.</ref> even after a sharp increase in support in the preceding four years, by 2006, the majority of [[Hongkongers]] remained neither proud nor fond of the anthem.<ref>Mathews &&nbsp;al. (2008), [https://books.google.com/books?id=UqmFL5d-bAAC&pg=PA104 p.&nbsp;104.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107013015/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UqmFL5d-bAAC&pg=PA104 |date=7 November 2017 }}</ref> On 4 November 2017, the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]] decided to insert a Chinese National Anthem Law into the Annex III of the [[Basic Law of Hong Kong]], which would make it illegal to insult or not show sufficient respect to the Chinese national anthem. On 4 June 2020, the [[National Anthem Bill]] was passed in Hong Kong after being approved by the [[Legislative Council]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chaos at Hong Kong's legislature as lawmakers battle for control of committee |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2020/05/08/chaos-at-hong-kongs-legislature-as-lawmakers-battle-for-control-of-committee-as-democrats-ejected/ |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=HKFP|date=5 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hong Kong passes bill criminalising disrespect of Chinese national anthem |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-04/hong-kong-legislature-passes-national-anthem-bill-amid-protests/12323024 |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=ABC News |date=4 June 2020}}</ref>