Editing Maputo (section)

===Independence===

The [[People's Republic of Mozambique]] was proclaimed on 25 June 1975 in accordance with the [[Lusaka Accord]] signed in September 1974.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 181</ref><ref name="a">{{cite web |url=https://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/Acordo_de_Lusaka |title=Acordo de Lusaka |language=pt |trans-title=Lusaka Accord |publisher=Diário do Governo, Portugal |date=1974 |access-date=2016-02-06 }}</ref> A parade and a state banquet completed the independence festivities in the capital, which was expected to be renamed Can Phumo, or "Place of Phumo", after a [[Shangaan]] chief who lived in the area before the Portuguese navigator [[Lourenço Marques (explorer)|Lourenço Marques]] first visited the site in 1545 and gave his name to it.<ref name=port>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101022145635/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C913229-2%2C00.html "Dismantling the Portuguese Empire"], ''[[Time Magazine]]'' (July 7, 1975)</ref> However, after independence, the city's [[Geographical renaming|name was changed]] (in February 1976) to Maputo. Maputo's name reputedly has its origin in the [[Maputo River]]: in fact, this river, which marks the border with [[South Africa]] in the  southernmost extent of Mozambique, had become symbolic during the FRELIMO-led armed struggle against Portuguese sovereignty{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}, after the motto «''Viva Moçambique unido, do Rovuma ao Maputo''», that is, ''Hail Mozambique, united from Rovuma down to Maputo'' ([[Rovuma]] is the river which marks the northern border with [[Tanzania]]).

After the independence, the statues to Portuguese heroes in the capital city were removed and most were stored at the fortress. FRELIMO soldiers carrying Russian rifles replaced [[Portuguese Army]] soldiers (both black and white) with western arms in city barracks and on the streets.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

After the [[Carnation Revolution]] in Lisbon, over 250,000 Portuguese emigrated virtually overnight,<ref name=port/> leaving Mozambique's economy and administration unmanageable. With the exodus of trained Portuguese personnel, the newly independent country had no time to allocate resources to maintain its infrastructure. In addition, authoritarian [[Stalinism|Stalinist]] policies and bureaucratic central planning made the newly independent country slip into an extremely precarious condition since the beginning, and so the economy plummeted. FRELIMO, now the governing party, turned to the [[communist]] governments of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[East Germany]] for help. By the early 1980s the country was bankrupt. Money was worthless and shops were empty. Starting shortly after independence, the country was plagued by the [[Mozambican Civil War]], a long and violent struggle between [[FRELIMO]] and [[RENAMO]], which lasted from 1977 to 1992. The war adversely affected economic activity and political stability in the city. "Operation Production" (''Operação Produção'') was inaugurated in 1983 by the ruling FRELIMO party to deal with the economic crisis. Undocumented residents of Maputo, the "parasitic" urban population, as well as individuals who displayed criminal behaviour, were forcibly transferred to state-owned communal farms and villages in the rural north of Mozambique.<ref name="AndersenJenkins2015"/><ref name="Thompson2015">{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=Drew A.|title=Constructing a History of Independent Mozambique, 1974–1982: A Study in Photography|journal=Kronos|volume=39|issue=1|year=2013|pages=179}}</ref>

Since the peace agreement ending the civil war, which was signed in 1992, the country and the city has returned to its pre-independence levels of political stability. This stability is an encouraging sign that makes Mozambique a promising country for foreign investment.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:22294362~menuPK:141310~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html|title=News & Broadcast - Mozambique: Mining an Opportunity|website=web.worldbank.org|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref>

On 11 July 2003, the [[Maputo Protocol|Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa]], better known as the [[Maputo Protocol]], was adopted in the city by the [[African Union]].