Editing Mantoux test (section)

==Procedure==
In the Mantoux test, a standard dose of 5 tuberculin units (TU – 0.1&nbsp;ml), according to the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]],<ref>{{cite web|title=TB Elimination - Tuberculin Skin Testing|url=https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/testing/skintesting.pdf|website=CDC.gov|publisher=CDC - National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination|access-date=5 June 2017|date=October 2011}}</ref> or 2 TU of Statens Serum Institute (SSI) tuberculin RT23 in 0.1&nbsp;ml solution, according to the [[National Health Service]],<ref>{{cite web|title=The Mantoux test: Administration, reading and interpretation|url=http://www.immunisation.nhs.uk/files/mantouxtest.pdf|website=NHS.uk|access-date=5 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215105953/http://www.immunisation.nhs.uk/files/mantouxtest.pdf|archive-date=15 February 2010}}</ref> is injected intradermally (between the layers of dermis) on the flexor surface of the left forearm, mid-way between elbow and wrist. The injection should be made with a tuberculin syringe, with the needle bevel facing upward. When placed correctly, injection should produce a pale wheal of the skin, 6 to 10&nbsp;mm in diameter. The result of the test is read after 48–96 hours, ideally after 72 hours/3rd day. This procedure is termed the 'Mantoux technique'. A person who has been exposed to the bacteria would be expected to mount an immune response in the area of skin containing the bacterial proteins. This response is a classic example of 'delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction' ([[Dth response|DTH]]), a [[Type IV hypersensitivity|type IV]] of [[Hypersensitivity|hypersensitivities]]. [[T cell]]s and myeloid cells are attracted to the site of reaction in 1–3 days and generate local [[inflammation]]. The reaction is read by measuring the diameter of [[induration]] (palpable raised, hardened area) across the forearm (perpendicular to the long axis) in millimeters. If there is no induration, the result should be recorded as "0&nbsp;mm".  [[Erythema]] (redness) should not be measured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/testing/skintesting.htm|title=Tuberculin Skin Testing Fact Sheet|author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=16 December 2020 |language=en|access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref> In the Pirquet version of the test  tuberculin is applied to the skin via [[scarification]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Pirquets-skin-test|title = Pirquet's skin test &#124; medicine}}</ref>