Editing Mallow, County Cork (section)

==History==
Evidence of pre-historic settlement is found in [[Beenalaght]] (13.6&nbsp;km/8.5 miles south-west of Mallow), where an [[Stone row|alignment]] of six [[standing stones]] lie on a hill to the west of the Mallow-[[Coachford]] Road.<ref>{{cite book | last=Weir, A| year=1980 |title=Early Ireland. A Field Guide | publisher=Blackstaff Press | location=Belfast | page=113 | isbn=0-85640-212-5}}</ref> (grid ref: 485 873, Latitude: 52.035818N Longitude: 8.751181W).<ref>{{cite web | title=Beenalaght | work=The Megalithic Portal | url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=1768 | access-date=11 June 2008 | archive-date=10 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610084228/http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=1768 | url-status=live}}</ref>

The first [[Mallow Castle]] was first built in 1185 on the orders of King John.

===Williamite War in Ireland (1690)===
On 16 September 1690, shortly after the failed [[Siege of Limerick (1690)|Siege of Limerick]] but before the [[Siege of Cork]], Colonel Moritz Melchior von Donop, commanding of the [[Danish Auxiliary Corps in the Williamite War in Ireland#Order of Battle|second regiment of Danish cavalry]], reconnoitred Mallow and destroyed the bridge. He reported encountering a group of Jacobite [[raparee]]s in Mallow, perhaps 3000 strong.<ref name="The Williamite Wars Mallow">{{cite web |last1=Childs |first1=John |title=The Williamite Wars in Ireland, 1688-91 |url=https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/the-williamite-wars-in-ireland-1688-91/ch16-cork-and-kinsale |website=bloomsburycollections.com |publisher=Bloomsbury Collections |access-date=31 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Following his return Major General [[Ernst von Tettau]] and Major General [[Adam van der Duyn, heer van 's-Gravenmoer|Scravenmore]] devised a [[Military deception|ruse]] whereby a small force of 100 cavalry and 50 dragoons was detached from the overall force of 1200 Horse, 300 Dragoons, and 2 Companies of Danish Foot. These acted as bait and successfully lured out the Jacobites commanded by [[Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan]] and routing them, with 300 raparees dead. Some accounts claim that only Sarsfield and five companions escaped the battle.<ref name="Bodleian: skirmish in Mallow">{{cite journal |title=A True and faithful account of the present state and condition of the kingdom of Ireland together with the intire defeat of a body of Irish under the command of Colonel Sarsfield by a detached party of 1200 horse and 300 dragoons by Lieut. Gen. Scravenmore within 14 miles of the city of Cork. |url=https://ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repository/xmlui/handle/20.500.12024/A63383 |website=Bodleian library |access-date=31 March 2023 |date=April 2011}}</ref>

===Irish War of Independence===
During the [[Irish War of Independence]], the town served as the headquarters of the North Cork Militia (also known as North Cork Rifles), a unit in the [[Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)|Irish Republican Army]] (IRA). On 27 September, IRA commanders [[Ernie O'Malley]] and [[Liam Lynch (Irish republican)|Liam Lynch]] led the Cork No. 2 Brigade in an attack against the military barracks in Mallow, which was garrisoned by elements of the [[17th Lancers]]. The successful attack saw the IRA capture large quantities of firearms and ammunition, partially burning the barracks in the process. In reprisal, angered soldiers from [[Buttevant]] and [[Fermoy]] went on a rampage in Mallow, burning several main street premises, including [[Mallow Town Hall]] and the local [[creamery]], on the next day.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpOZpEu1XYwC&dq=28+September+1920+mallow&pg=PA121 | title=Rebel Cork's Fighting Story, 1916-21: Told by the Men who Made it : With a Unique Pictorial Record of the Period | year=2009 | publisher=Mercier Press | isbn=9781856356442 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAk7EAAAQBAJ&dq=28+September+1920+mallow&pg=PA49 | title=Political Conflict in East Ulster, 1920-22: Revolution and Reprisal | isbn=9781783275113 | last1=Magill | first1=Christopher | year=2020 | publisher=Boydell & Brewer }}</ref><ref>O'Malley, ''On Another Man's Wound'', pp. 239–247</ref>

In February 1921, the IRA killed the wife of RIC Captain W. H. King during a botched assassination attempt on her husband near the [[Mallow railway station]]. In retaliation, a detachment of the [[Black and Tans]] briefly occupied the station, arresting and killing three of its occupants- Patrick Devitt, Daniel Mullane and Denis Bennett, all of whom were railway workers. The killings prompted an [[industrial action]] by the National Railworkers Union in Britain and Ireland.<ref>{{cite book|last=Keane|first=Barry|title=Cork's Revolutionary Dead|year=2017|publisher=[[Mercier Press]]|isbn=978-1-7811-7496-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QD3BDwAAQBAJ&dq=Patrick+Devitt,+Daniel+Mullane&pg=PT225}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=O'Donoghue|first=Florence|title=No other law: the story of Liam Lynch and the Irish Republican Army, 1916–1923|year=1954|publisher=Irish Press|pages=132|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=izdoAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Captain+King+was+accompanied+by+his+wife+and+in+the+exchange+of+fire%22}}</ref>