Editing Mainz (section)

==Geography==
===Topography===
Mainz is on the 50th latitude north, on the [[Rhineland|left bank of the Rhine]].<ref name="Landeshauptstadt Mainz-2014">{{cite web |title=Landeshauptstadt Mainz |website=Landeshauptstadt Mainz |date=19 December 2014 |url=https://www.mainz.de/tourismus/stadtportraet/mainz-in-zahlen.php |language=de |access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref><ref name="www.pfalz-info.com">{{cite web |title=Mainz |website=www.pfalz-info.com |url=https://www.pfalz-info.com/mainz/ |language=de |access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref> The east of the city is opposite where the [[Main (river)|Main]] falls into it.<ref name="Landeshauptstadt Mainz-2014" /> {{as of|2021}}, the population was 217,272.<ref name="Landeshauptstadt Mainz-2014" /> The city is part of the FrankfurtRheinMain area of 5.9 million people.<ref name="IHK Frankfurt am Main-2022">{{cite web |title=Metropolregion FrankfurtRheinMain |website=IHK Frankfurt am Main |date=28 November 2022 |url=https://www.frankfurt-main.ihk.de/standortpolitik/metropolregion-frankfurtrheinmain |language=de |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130212011/https://www.frankfurt-main.ihk.de/standortpolitik/metropolregion-frankfurtrheinmain |url-status=live }}</ref> Mainz can easily be reached from [[Frankfurt International Airport]] in 30 minutes by commuter railway {{ric|Rhine-Main S-Bahn|S8}} or regional trains {{Bahnlinie|RE|2|7=Regionalexpress}} {{Bahnlinie|RE|3|7=Regionalexpress}} {{Bahnlinie|RB|31|7=Regionalbahn}}.<ref name="RMV.DE-2022">{{cite web |title=RMV-Fahrplanauskunft |website=RMV.DE |date=16 December 2022 |url=https://www.rmv.de/auskunft/bin/jp/query.exe/en?ld=14.205&protocol=https:&seqnr=4&ident=36.024961205.1675177656&CMS_AppId=FahrplanauskunftErgebnis&&application=PRINTVIEW& |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131150939/https://www.rmv.de/auskunft/bin/jp/query.exe/en?ld=14.205&protocol=https:&seqnr=4&ident=36.024961205.1675177656&CMS_AppId=FahrplanauskunftErgebnis&&application=PRINTVIEW& |url-status=live }}</ref>
The [[river port]] of Mainz is located on the [[Rhine]] and thus on one of the most important waterways in Germany.<ref name="Landeshauptstadt Mainz-2014-2">{{cite web |title=Logistik und Transport |website=Landeshauptstadt Mainz |date=18 December 2014 |url=https://www.mainz.de/wirtschaft/standort-mainz/logistik.php |language=de |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130213945/https://www.mainz.de/wirtschaft/standort-mainz/logistik.php |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Port of Mainz|container port hub]] is north of the town centre.<ref name="Landeshauptstadt Mainz-2014-2" />

After the [[Quaternary glaciation|last ice age]], sand dunes were deposited in the Rhine valley at what was to become the western edge of the city. The [[Mainz Sand Dunes]] area is now a nature reserve with a unique landscape and rare ''steppe'' vegetation for this area.<ref name="mainzer-sand">{{cite web |title=Der Mainzer Sand |website=mainzer-sand |url=http://www.mainzer-sand.de/ |language=de |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130214557/https://www.mainzer-sand.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Landeshauptstadt Mainz-2014-3">{{cite web |title=Mainzer Sand |website=Landeshauptstadt Mainz |date=23 December 2014 |url=https://www.mainz.de/freizeit-und-sport/im-gruenen/mainzer-sand.php |language=de |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130214554/https://www.mainz.de/freizeit-und-sport/im-gruenen/mainzer-sand.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

While the Mainz legion camp was founded in 13/12 BC on the Kästrich hill, the associated [[vicus|vici]] and [[canabae]] (civilian settlements) were erected towards the Rhine. Historical sources and archaeological findings both prove the importance of the military and civilian Mogontiacum as a port city on the Rhine.<ref>Olaf Höckmann: ''Mainz als römische Hafenstadt''. p.&nbsp;87–106. in: Michael J. Klein (editor): ''Die Römer und ihr Erbe. Fortschritt durch Innovation und Integration''. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2003, {{ISBN|3-8053-2948-2}}.</ref>
{{Panorama
|image   = Mainz aerial photograph.jpg
|height  = 200px
|width   = 400px
|alt     = View north along the Rhine with the old Winterhafen in the lower left and the former port facilities further north
|caption = View north along the Rhine with the old Winterhafen in the lower left and the former port facilities further north
|dir     = 
|align   = left
}}
{{multiple image
| align = left
| total_width = 400
| image1 = Sattelite Wiesbaden Mainz.jpg
| alt1 = Satellite view of Mainz (south of the Rhine) and Wiesbaden
| link1 =
| caption1 = Satellite view of Mainz (south of the Rhine) and Wiesbaden
| image2 = 50. Breitengrad in Mainz.jpg
| alt2 = Line showing 50° north latitude on the Gutenbergplatz
| link2 = 
| caption2 = Line showing 50° north latitude on the Gutenbergplatz
}}
{{clear}}

===Climate===
Mainz experiences a [[oceanic climate | temperate oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Cfb''). The city is one of the warmest of [[Germany]] in [[winter]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/germany/rhineland-palatinate/mainz-2142|title=Weather Mainz & temperature by month|website=Climate-Data.org|access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref>