Editing MPEG-1 (section)

==Patents==
Due to its age, MPEG-1 is no longer covered by any essential patents and can thus be used without obtaining a licence or paying any fees.<ref name=video_resolution>{{Citation |first=Jan |last=Ozer |title=Choosing the Optimal Video Resolution: The MPEG-2 Player Market |date=October 12, 2001 |publisher=[[extremetech.com]] |url=http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1153916,00.asp |access-date=2016-11-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607222623/http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1153916,00.asp |archive-date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="snazzizone">{{Citation |title=Comparison between MPEG 1 & 2 |url=http://www.snazzizone.com/TP09.html |access-date=2016-11-11 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210224333/http://www.snazzizone.com/TP09.html |archive-date=2012-02-10 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=MPEG 1 And 2 Compared |year=2003 |publisher=Pure Motion Ltd. |url=http://213.130.34.82/resources/technical/mpegcompared/index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214085309/http://213.130.34.82/resources/technical/mpegcompared/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-14 |access-date=2008-04-09 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/2007Nov/0153.html |title=homework&#93; summary of the video (and audio) codec discussion |author=Dave Singer |date=2007-11-09 |access-date=November 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221201242/https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/2007Nov/0153.html |archive-date=December 21, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000035.shtml |title=MPEG-1 Video Coding (H.261) |publisher=[[Library of Congress#Digitization|Library of Congress]], Digital Preservation |date=October 21, 2014 |access-date=2016-11-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111080151/http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000035.shtml |archive-date=January 11, 2017 }}</ref> The ISO patent database lists one patent for ISO 11172, US 4,472,747, which expired in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/standards_development/patents |title=ISO Standards and Patents |quote=Search for 11172 |access-date=2016-11-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115010724/http://www.iso.org/iso/standards_development/patents |archive-date=2016-11-15 }}</ref> The near-complete draft of the MPEG-1 standard was publicly available as ISO CD 11172<ref name="mpeg_faq_draft"/> by December 6, 1991.<ref name="11172-draft-cite">{{Cite book |vauthors=Patel K, Smith BC, Rowe LA |title=Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Multimedia - MULTIMEDIA '93 |chapter=Performance of a software MPEG video decoder |date=1993-09-01 |chapter-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/166266.166274 |series=ACM Multimedia |location=New York City |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |pages=75–82 |doi=10.1145/166266.166274 |isbn=978-0-89791-596-0 |s2cid=3773268 |access-date=2021-12-15 |archive-date=2021-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215125939/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/166266.166274 |url-status=live }} Reference 3 in the paper is to Committee Draft of Standard ISO/IEC 11172, December 6, 1991.</ref> Neither the July 2008 Kuro5hin article "Patent Status of MPEG-1, H.261 and MPEG-2",<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2008/7/18/232618/312|title=archive.ph|website=archive.ph|access-date=2023-01-21|archive-date=2008-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916215441/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2008/7/18/232618/312|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> nor an August 2008 thread on the gstreamer-devel<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=20163106 |title=<nowiki>[gst-devel]</nowiki> Can a MPEG-1 with Audio Layers 1&2 plugin be in plugins-good (patentwise)? |date=2008-08-23 |access-date=2016-11-11 |publisher=[[SourceForge.net]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202170602/http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=20163106 |archive-date=2014-02-02 }}</ref> mailing list were able to list a single unexpired MPEG-1 Video and MPEG-1 Audio Layer I/II patent. A May 2009 discussion on the whatwg mailing list mentioned US 5,214,678 patent as possibly covering MPEG-1 Audio Layer II.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/020015.html |title=&#91;whatwg&#93; MPEG-1 subset proposal for HTML5 video codec |website=lists.whatwg.org |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719183135/http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/020015.html |archive-date=19 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Filed in 1990 and published in 1993, this patent is now expired.<ref>http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5214678 {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120713230506/http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5214678 |date=2012-07-13 }} "Digital transmission system using subband coding of a digital signal" Filed: May 31, 1990, Granted May 25, 1993, Expires May 31, 2010?</ref>

A full MPEG-1 decoder and encoder, with "Layer III audio", could not be implemented royalty free since there were companies that required patent fees for implementations of MPEG-1 Audio Layer III, as discussed in the [[MP3]] article. All patents in the world connected to MP3 expired 30 December 2017, which makes this format totally free for use.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-21 |title=MP3 (MPEG Layer III Audio Encoding) |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000012.shtml |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=www.loc.gov |archive-date=2017-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814015755/https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000012.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> On 23 April 2017, [[Fraunhofer IIS]] stopped charging for Technicolor's MP3 licensing program for certain MP3 related patents and software.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/ff/amm/prod/audiocodec/audiocodecs/mp3.html|title=mp3|website=Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322183101/https://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/ff/amm/prod/audiocodec/audiocodecs/mp3.html|archive-date=22 March 2018}}</ref>

===Former patent holders===
The following corporations filed declarations with ISO saying they held patents for the MPEG-1 Video (ISO/IEC-11172-2) format, although all such patents have since expired.<ref>{{cite web |title=ISO Standards and Patents |url=https://www.iso.org/iso-standards-and-patents.html |website=ISO |access-date=10 July 2019 |archive-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524164015/https://www.iso.org/iso-standards-and-patents.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

*[[BBC]]
*[[Daimler Benz AG]]
*[[Fujitsu]]
*[[IBM]]
*[[Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.]]
*[[Mitsubishi Electric]]
*[[NEC]]
*[[NHK]]
*[[Philips]]
*[[Pioneer Corporation]]
*[[Qualcomm]]
*[[Ricoh]]
*[[Sony]]
*[[Texas Instruments]]
*[[Thomson Multimedia]]
*[[Toppan Printing]]
*[[Toshiba]]
*[[Victor Company of Japan]]