Editing Luigi Galvani (section)

==Galvani vs. Volta==
[[File:galvani-frogs-legs-electricity.jpg|thumb|right|Electrodes touch a frog, and the legs twitch into the upward position<ref>David Ames Wells, ''The science of common things: a familiar explanation of the first'', 323 pages ([https://archive.org/details/sciencecommonth01wellgoog/page/n298 <!-- quote=Galvani frog leg. --> page 290])</ref>]]

{{further|Galvanism}}

[[Alessandro Volta]], a professor of experimental physics in the [[University of Pavia]], was among the first scientists who repeated and checked Galvani’s experiments. At first, he embraced animal electricity. However, he started to doubt that the conductions were caused by specific electricity intrinsic to the animal's legs or other body parts. Volta believed that the contractions depended on the metal cable Galvani used to connect the nerves and muscles in his experiments.<ref name="Bresadola 367–380"/>

Every cell has a [[Membrane potential|cell potential]]; biological electricity has the same chemical underpinnings as the current between [[electrochemical cell]]s, and thus can be duplicated outside the body. Volta's intuition was correct.  Volta, essentially, objected to Galvani’s conclusions about "animal electric fluid", but the two scientists disagreed respectfully and Volta coined the term "Galvanism" for a direct current of electricity produced by chemical action.<ref>[https://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Luigi_Galvani Luigi Galvani] – IEEE Global History Network.</ref>

Since Galvani was reluctant to intervene in the controversy with Volta, he trusted his nephew, [[Giovanni Aldini]], to act as the main defender of the theory of animal electricity.<ref name="Bresadola 367–380"/>