Editing Lubin (section)

== History ==
===Piast dynasty rule===
[[File:Lubin Piastowska ruiny.jpg|thumb|left|Ruins of the Piast Castle]]
The area of Lubin lies midway between the main settlements of two West Slavic [[Ślężanie]] tribes, the Dziadoszanie and the Trzebowianie, whose lands were both subdued by [[Mieszko I of Poland]] about 990. It is unclear which of the two tribes, if either, founded the town. One legend states that the town derives its name from ''Luba'', a young man credited with slaying a giant bear that had been terrifying the inhabitants. A [[papal bull]] dated to circa 1155 mentions Lubin as one of 13 Silesian [[castellany|castellanies]].

According to legend the Polish [[voivode]] [[Piotr Włostowic]] of [[Dunin]] (1080–1153) had a [[fieldstone church]] built on the hill in the west of Lubin, where about 1230 a [[castellany]] and a village arose that until today is called the ''Old City'' ({{langx|pl|Stary Lubin}}). The settlement in the [[Duchy of Głogów]] was first mentioned under the [[Old Polish]] name of ''Lubin'' in a 1267 deed by [[Pope Clement IV]] as a fiefdom of [[Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga in Trzebnica|Trzebnica Abbey]].

The New City of what is today Lubin was probably founded in the 1280s under the rule of Duke [[Przemko of Ścinawa]] by [[Germans|German]] settlers, maybe descending from [[Lower Lorraine]] or [[Franconia]], in the course of the ''[[Ostsiedlung]]''. It obtained its [[Magdeburg rights|city rights]] about 1295. In 1329 Duke [[John, Duke of Ścinawa|John of Ścinawa]] paid homage to King [[John of Bohemia]], who upon the death of John's brother Duke [[Przemko II of Głogów]] in 1331 invaded the lands, which were incorporated into the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]] and shared the political fortunes of the [[Silesia]]n crown land.
[[File:SM Lubin kapica św Jadwigi (4) ID 595703.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] [[Castle Chapel in Lubin|Castle Chapel]]]]
From 1348 Lubin Castle served as the residence of the [[Silesian Piasts|Piast]] duke [[Ludwik I the Fair|Louis I the Fair]] and his descendants. In the quarrel with his elder brother Duke [[Wenceslaus I of Legnica]] a 1359 judgement by Emperor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]] allotted Lubin along with [[Krzeczyn Wielki]], [[Krzeczyn Mały]], [[Osiek, Lubin County|Osiek]] and [[Pieszków, Lubin County|Pieszków]] to Louis. About 1353 he had a manuscript on the life of Saint [[Hedwig of Andechs]] drawn up, later called ''Schlackenwerth'' ([[Ostrov (Karlovy Vary District)|Ostrov]]) Codex, which today is kept at the [[J. Paul Getty Museum]].  The [[Castle Chapel in Lubin]] dates to the 14th century.

In the late 15th century the Lubin parish church was rebuilt in its present-day [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style, its high altar was moved to [[Wrocław Cathedral]] in 1951. Under the rule of Duke [[George I of Brieg]] (died 1521) and his widow [[Anna of Pomerania, Duchess of Lubin|Anna of Pomerania]], the reformer [[Caspar Schwenckfeld]], born in nearby Osiek, made the town a centre of the [[Protestant Reformation]] in Lower Silesia. With Lower Silesia, Lubin in 1526 fell under suzerainty of the [[Habsburg monarchy]]. It was devastated several times during the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Lubin remained part of the [[Piast dynasty|Piast]]-ruled [[Duchy of Legnica]] until 1675, when it was incorporated to the Habsburg-ruled Bohemia.

===Late modern period and World War II===
Conquered in the [[Silesian Wars]] by King [[Frederick II of Prussia]] in the mid-18th century, the town became a part of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] and later, in 1871, Germany. In 1871, after creation of the [[German Empire]], it was connected by rail to [[Legnica]] (Liegnitz) and [[Głogów]] (Glogau). In reports on their parishes at the end of the 18th century, local pastors wrote about native Poles, who spoke a local dialect of the Polish language. The native Polish population was subjected to planned [[Germanisation]], which lasted until the 1930s. A labour camp of the [[Reich Labour Service]] was operated in the town under [[Nazi Germany]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/1933-1945-lager/rad-abteilungen/x-niederschlesien.html|title=X Niederschlesien|access-date=25 September 2022|language=de}}</ref>

During [[World War II]] about 70% of the town's buildings were destroyed. In 1945 between the days of 8–10 February [[Red Army]] soldiers mass-murdered 150 German pensioners in an old-people's home and 500 psychiatric hospital patients in Lubin.<ref>[http://www.zs2lubin.edu.pl/2.html Lubin's history]</ref> The city eventually became again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installed [[People's Republic of Poland|communist regime]], which stayed in power until the 1980s. The remaining German population of the city was [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|either expelled]] in accordance with the [[Potsdam Agreement]], or prohibited from returning home by the communist authorities.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

===Discovery of copper deposits===
[[File:Autobus na budowie Zakładów Górniczych Lubin.jpg|thumb|right|Construction of mining facilities in 1965]]
In 1957 [[Jan Wyżykowski]] discovered and in 1959 documented in Lubin the largest copper ore deposits in Europe and one of the largest in the world. Soon copper mines were built and the [[KGHM Polska Miedź|KGHM]] company was established.

From 1975 to 1998 it belonged to the former [[Legnica Voivodeship]]. In 1982 the city saw significant demonstrations against the [[Martial law in Poland|martial law]] declared by the Communist regime, which were put down by its death squads, resulting in the murder of three people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lubin82.pl/index.html |title=Lubin 1982 - wydarzenia z 31 sierpnia 1982, stan wojenny, fotografie - Solidarność, historia współczesna, historia stanu wojennego, ZOMO, milicja, podziemie, władza ludowa, demonstracja, opozycja, Michał Adamowicz, Andrzej Trajkowski, Mieczysławie Poźniak, ofiary<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729164710/http://www.lubin82.pl/index.html |archive-date=2010-07-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061214010142/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,951804,00.html Defiance in the Streets – TIME<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>