Editing Los Angeles (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Los Angeles}}
{{For timeline}}

===Indigenous history===
[[File:ElAliso treepre1875drawing.jpg|thumb|left|[[Yaanga]], a prominent [[Tongva]] village, stood in the area before the Spanish founded Los Angeles.]]
The settlement of [[Indigenous peoples of California|Indigenous Californians]] in the modern [[Los Angeles Basin]] and the [[San Fernando Valley]] was dominated by the [[Tongva]] (now also known as the ''Gabrieleño'' since the era of Spanish colonization). The historic center of Tongva power in the region was the settlement of [[Yaanga]] ([[Tongva language|Tongva]]: ''Iyáangẚ''), meaning "place of the [[Toxicodendron diversilobum|poison oak]]", which would one day be the site where the Spanish founded the [[Pueblo de Los Ángeles]]. ''Iyáangẚ'' has also been translated as "the valley of smoke".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sacbee.com/101/story/1066675.html|title=Smoke is Normal&nbsp;– for 1800|last=Bowman|first=Chris|date=July 8, 2008|newspaper=[[The Sacramento Bee]]|access-date=October 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709015204/http://www.sacbee.com/101/story/1066675.html|archive-date=July 9, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/PUB/Documents/IR-98-077.pdf|title=Environment: Evolution of a Concept|author=Gordon J. MacDonald|page=2|quote=The Native American name for Los Angeles was Yang na, which translates into "the valley of smoke."|access-date=April 16, 2013|archive-date=June 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627125913/http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/PUB/Documents/IR-98-077.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="google86">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CET4QodMZysC&pg=PA86|title=Fifteen Hundred California Place Names|last=Bright|first=William|publisher=University of California Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-520-21271-8|page=86|lccn=97043147|quote=Founded on the site of a Gabrielino Indian village called Yang-na, or iyáangẚ, 'poison-oak place.'|access-date=October 17, 2015|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106163848/https://books.google.com/books?id=CET4QodMZysC&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="sfgate2002">{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/homeandgarden/thedirt/article/Roots-of-native-names-2712675.php|title=Roots of native names|last=Sullivan|first=Ron|date=December 7, 2002|newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|access-date=January 7, 2015|quote=Los Angeles itself was built over a Gabrielino village called Yangna or iyaanga', 'poison oak place.'|archive-date=December 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218203254/http://www.sfgate.com/homeandgarden/thedirt/article/Roots-of-native-names-2712675.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":02" />

===Spanish rule===
Maritime explorer [[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo]] claimed the area of southern California for the [[Spanish Empire]] in 1542, while on an official military exploring expedition, as he was moving northward along the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] coast from earlier colonizing bases of [[New Spain]] in [[Central America|Central]] and South America.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0cOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA21|title=The Herald's History of Los Angeles|last=Willard|first=Charles Dwight|publisher=Kingsley-Barnes & Neuner|year=1901|location=Los Angeles|pages=21–24|oclc=2058819|access-date=September 29, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106163847/https://books.google.com/books?id=o0cOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gaspar de Portolà]] and [[Franciscan]] missionary [[Juan Crespí]] reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2, 1769.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pacificahistory.wikispaces.com/Portola+Expedition+1769+Diaries|title=Portola Expedition 1769 Diaries|publisher=Pacifica Historical Society|access-date=January 7, 2015|archive-date=November 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113232240/http://pacificahistory.wikispaces.com/Portola+Expedition+1769+Diaries|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Mission San Fernando Rey de España (Oriana Day) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Empire of Spain|Spanish]] founded [[Mission San Fernando Rey de España]] in 1797.]]
In 1771, Franciscan [[friar]] [[Junípero Serra]] directed the building of the [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel]], the first [[Mission (station)|mission]] in the area.<ref name="LeffingwellWorden2005">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFn57UJ1mJIC&pg=PA43|title=California missions and presidios|last1=Leffingwell|first1=Randy|last2=Worden|first2=Alastair|date=November 4, 2005|publisher=Voyageur Press|isbn=978-0-89658-492-1|pages=43–44|access-date=September 30, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106163847/https://books.google.com/books?id=zFn57UJ1mJIC&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> On September 4, 1781, a group of 44 settlers known as "[[Los Angeles Pobladores|Los Pobladores]]" founded the {{lang|es|pueblo|italics=no}} (town) they called {{Langx|es-MX|[[El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles]]|label=none|italics=no|translation=The Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels}}.<ref name="almanac"/> The present-day city has the largest [[Archdiocese of Los Angeles|Roman Catholic archdiocese]] in the United States. Two-thirds of the Mexican or ([[New Spain]]) settlers were [[mestizo]] or [[mulatto]], a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry.<ref>{{cite book|title=Seeking El Dorado: African Americans in California|last1=Mulroy|first1=Kevin|last2=Taylor|author2-link=Quintard Taylor|first2=Quintard|author3=Autry Museum of Western Heritage|date=March 2001|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-98082-9|page=79|chapter=The Early African Heritage in California (Forbes, Jack D.)|access-date=September 30, 2011|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2eH35EuLuUsC|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106163918/https://books.google.com/books?id=2eH35EuLuUsC|url-status=live}}</ref> The settlement remained a small ranch town for decades, but by 1820, the population had increased to about 650 residents.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyFPAAAAYAAJ|title=Historical and biographical record of southern California: containing a history of southern California from its earliest settlement to the opening year of the twentieth century|last=Guinn|first=James Miller|publisher=Chapman pub. co.|year=1902|page=63|access-date=September 30, 2011|archive-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318040525/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyFPAAAAYAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the historic district of [[El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument|Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza]] and [[Olvera Street]], the oldest part of Los Angeles.<ref name="Estrada2006">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NzlO8C5-Q88C|title=Los Angeles's Olvera Street|last=Estrada|first=William D.|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7385-3105-2|access-date=September 30, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106163849/https://books.google.com/books?id=NzlO8C5-Q88C|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Mexican rule===
[[File:Portrait of Pio Pico (Californian State Library) (detail).jpg|thumb|left|[[Californio]] statesman [[Pío Pico]], who served as the last [[List of governors of California before 1850|Mexican governor of California]], played an influential role in the development of Los Angeles in the late Mexican and early American eras.]]
[[New Spain]] achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, and the pueblo now existed within the new [[First Mexican Republic|Mexican Republic]]. During Mexican rule, Governor [[Pío Pico]] made Los Angeles the regional capital of [[Alta California]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pio Pico, Afro Mexican Governor of Mexican California |url=http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/pio-pico-afro-mexican-governor-mexican-california |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031612/http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/pio-pico-afro-mexican-governor-mexican-california |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |access-date=January 24, 2017 |website=African American Registry}}</ref> By this time, the new republic introduced more [[Mexican secularization act of 1833|secularization]] acts within the Los Angeles region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monterey County Historical Society, Local History Pages--Secularization and the Ranchos, 1826-1846 |url=http://mchsmuseum.com/secularization.html |access-date=October 26, 2017 |website=mchsmuseum.com |archive-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020212525/http://www.mchsmuseum.com/secularization.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1846, during the wider [[Mexican–American War]], marines from the United States occupied the pueblo. This resulted in the [[siege of Los Angeles]] where 150 Mexican militias fought the occupiers which eventually surrendered.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bauer |first=K. Jack |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/25746154 |title=The Mexican War, 1846-1848 |date=1993 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |edition=Bison books |location=Lincoln |pages=184|oclc=25746154 }}</ref>

Mexican rule ended during following the American [[Conquest of California]], part of the larger [[Mexican-American War]]. Americans took control from the [[Californios]] after a series of battles, culminating with the signing of the [[Treaty of Cahuenga]] on January 13, 1847.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyFPAAAAYAAJ|title=Historical and biographical record of southern California: containing a history of southern California from its earliest settlement to the opening year of the twentieth century|last=Guinn|first=James Miller|publisher=Chapman pub. co.|year=1902|page=50|access-date=September 30, 2011|archive-date=March 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318040525/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyFPAAAAYAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Mexican Cession]] was formalized in the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] in 1848, which ceded Los Angeles and the rest of Alta California to the United States.

===Post-Conquest era===
{{See also|Victorian Downtown Los Angeles|Los Angeles in the 1920s}}
[[File:Treaty of Cahuenga.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|The [[Treaty of Cahuenga]], signed in 1847 by Californio [[Andrés Pico]] and American [[John C. Frémont]], ended the U.S. [[Conquest of California]].]]
[[History of Los Angeles#Railroads|Railroads arrived]] with the completion of the transcontinental [[Southern Pacific Railroad|Southern Pacific]] line from [[New Orleans]] to Los Angeles in 1876 and the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway|Santa Fe Railroad]] in 1885.<ref name="Mulholland2002">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iP575do7D48C|title=William Mulholland and the Rise of Los Angeles|last=Mulholland|first=Catherine|publisher=University of California Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-520-23466-6|page=15|access-date=September 30, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106163850/https://books.google.com/books?id=iP575do7D48C|url-status=live}}</ref> Petroleum was discovered in the city and surrounding area in 1892, and by 1923, the discoveries had helped [[California]] become the country's largest oil producer, accounting for about one-quarter of the world's petroleum output.<ref name="Kipen2011">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aezmS52IavcC&pg=PA45|title=Los Angeles in the 1930s: The WPA Guide to the City of Angels|last=Kipen|first=David|publisher=University of California Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-520-26883-8|pages=45–46|access-date=September 30, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106164352/https://books.google.com/books?id=aezmS52IavcC&pg=PA45#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

By 1900, the population had grown to more than 102,000,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab13.txt|title=Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places: 1900|date=June 15, 1998|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 8, 2015|archive-date=February 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215201930/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab13.txt|url-status=live}}</ref> putting pressure on the city's [[water supply]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.american.edu/ted/mono.htm|title=The Los Angeles Aqueduct and the Owens and Mono Lakes (MONO Case)|publisher=[[American University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109051618/http://www1.american.edu/ted/mono.htm|archive-date=January 9, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref> The completion of the [[Los Angeles Aqueduct]] in 1913, under the supervision of [[William Mulholland]], ensured the continued growth of the city.<ref name="Reisner1993">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Akn6rUgR_eEC|title=Cadillac desert: the American West and its disappearing water|last=Reisner|first=Marc|publisher=Penguin|year=1993|isbn=978-0-14-017824-1|page=86|author-link=Marc Reisner|access-date=September 30, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106164352/https://books.google.com/books?id=Akn6rUgR_eEC|url-status=live}}</ref> Because of clauses in the city's charter that prevented the City of Los Angeles from selling or providing water from the aqueduct to any area outside its borders, many adjacent cities and communities felt compelled to join Los Angeles.<ref name="LAgrowth">{{citation|last=Basiago|first=Andrew D.|publisher=The Regents of the University of California|title=Water For Los Angeles&nbsp;– Sam Nelson Interview|url=http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=ft0v19n64m&doc.view=entire_text|date=February 7, 1988|at=11|access-date=October 7, 2013|archive-date=August 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804164559/http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=ft0v19n64m&doc.view=entire_text|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite map|publisher=City of Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering|title=Annexation and Detachment Map|url=http://navigatela.lacity.org/common/mapgallery/pdf/annex34x44.pdf|access-date=March 1, 2017|archive-date=March 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301193923/http://navigatela.lacity.org/common/mapgallery/pdf/annex34x44.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="FinalReport">{{cite news|url=http://www.lamag.com/citythink/citythinkblog/2013/09/25/citydig-las-20th-century-land-grab|title=CityDig: L.A.'s 20th Century Land Grab|author1-link=Glen Creason|last=Creason|first=Glen|newspaper=Lamag - Culture, Food, Fashion, News & Los Angeles|date=September 26, 2013|publisher=Los Angeles Magazine|access-date=October 10, 2013|archive-date=September 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929000119/http://www.lamag.com/citythink/citythinkblog/2013/09/25/citydig-las-20th-century-land-grab|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Paramount Pictures studio gate, c. 1940 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|In the early 20th century, [[Major film studios|Hollywood studios]], like [[Paramount Pictures]], helped transform [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] into the world capital of film and helped solidify LA as a global economic hub.]]
Los Angeles created the first municipal [[zoning]] ordinance in the United States. On September 14, 1908, the [[Los Angeles City Council, 1889–1909|Los Angeles City Council]] promulgated residential and industrial land use zones. The new ordinance established three residential zones of a single type, where industrial uses were prohibited. The proscriptions included barns, lumber yards, and any industrial land use employing machine-powered equipment. These laws were enforced against industrial properties after the fact. These prohibitions were in addition to existing activities that were already regulated as nuisances. These included explosives warehousing, gas works, oil drilling, slaughterhouses, and [[Tannery|tanneries]]. Los Angeles City Council also designated seven industrial zones within the city. However, between 1908 and 1915, the Los Angeles City Council created various exceptions to the broad proscriptions that applied to these three residential zones, and as a consequence, some industrial uses emerged within them. There are two differences between the 1908 Residence District Ordinance and later zoning laws in the United States. First, the 1908 laws did not establish a comprehensive zoning map as the [[Zoning in the United States#Origins and history|1916 New York City Zoning Ordinance]] did. Second, the residential zones did not distinguish types of housing; they treated apartments, hotels, and detached-single-family housing equally.<ref name="weiss80">{{cite book|title=The Rise of the Community Builders: The American Real Estate Industry and Urban Land Planning|author=Weiss, Marc A|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1987|isbn=978-0-231-06505-4|location=New York|pages=80{{endash}}86}}</ref>

In 1910, Hollywood merged into Los Angeles, with 10 movie companies already operating in the city at the time. By 1921, more than 80 percent of the world's film industry was concentrated in L.A.<ref name="Buntin2010">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y6ZlIkYXjiMC&pg=PA18|title=L.A. Noir: The Struggle for the Soul of America's Most Seductive City|last=Buntin|first=John|date=April 6, 2010|publisher=Random House Digital, Inc.|isbn=978-0-307-35208-8|page=18|access-date=September 30, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106164353/https://books.google.com/books?id=y6ZlIkYXjiMC&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> The money generated by the industry kept the city insulated from much of the economic loss suffered by the rest of the country during the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]].<ref name="YoungYoung2007">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYYMqXUyjnUC&pg=PA21|title=The Great Depression in America: a cultural encyclopedia|last1=Young|first1=William H.|last2=Young|first2=Nancy K.|date=March 2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33521-1|page=21|access-date=September 30, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106164353/https://books.google.com/books?id=QYYMqXUyjnUC&pg=PA21|url-status=live}}</ref>
<!-- i'm leaving out the bit about the aviation industry arriving in the 1920s pending further research, as the part about the movies turned out to be somewhat inaccurate; and it was all unsourced anyway.-->
By 1930, the population surpassed one million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab16.txt|title=Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places: 1930|date=June 15, 1998|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 8, 2015|archive-date=April 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428231105/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab16.txt|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1932, the city hosted the [[1932 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]].

===Post-WWII===
[[File:WSA Photo 4235.jpg|thumb|right|During [[World War II]], the [[California Shipbuilding Corporation]] on [[Terminal Island]] was among the many builders that made the [[Port of Los Angeles]] one of the largest [[shipyards]] in the country.]]
During [[United States home front during World War II|World War II]] Los Angeles was a major center of wartime manufacturing, such as shipbuilding and aircraft. [[California Shipbuilding Corporation|Calship]] built hundreds of [[Liberty Ship]]s and [[Victory Ship]]s on Terminal Island, and the Los Angeles area was the headquarters of six of the country's major aircraft manufacturers ([[Douglas Aircraft Company]], [[Hughes Aircraft Company|Hughes Aircraft]], [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]], [[North American Aviation]], [[Northrop Corporation]], and [[Vultee Aircraft|Vultee]]). During the war, more aircraft were produced in one year than in all the pre-war years since the Wright brothers flew the first airplane in 1903, combined. Manufacturing in Los Angeles skyrocketed, and as [[William S. Knudsen]], of the National Defense Advisory Commission put it, "We won because we smothered the enemy in an avalanche of production, the like of which he had never seen, nor dreamed possible."<ref>Parker, Dana T. ''Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II'', pp.5–8, 14, 26, 36, 50, 60, 78, 94, 108, 122, Cypress, CA, 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-9897906-0-4}}.</ref>

After the end of [[World War II]] Los Angeles grew more rapidly than ever, [[Urban sprawl|sprawling]] into the [[San Fernando Valley]].<ref name="Bruegmann2006">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HFjLm2BauZ8C|title=Sprawl: A Compact History|last=Bruegmann|first=Robert|date=November 1, 2006|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-07691-1|page=133|author-link=Robert Bruegmann|access-date=October 1, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106164354/https://books.google.com/books?id=HFjLm2BauZ8C|url-status=live}}</ref> The expansion of the state owned [[Interstate Highway System]] during the 1950s and 1960s helped propel suburban growth and signaled the demise of the city's privately owned [[Pacific Electric|electrified rail system]], once the world's largest.
<br />
As a consequence of World War II, suburban growth, and population density, many amusement parks were built and operated in this area.<ref name="Braun">{{cite web |last1=Braun |first1=Michael |title=The economic impact of theme parks on regions |url=http://www-sre.wu.ac.at/neurus/braun.pdf |access-date=November 4, 2021 |archive-date=December 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207142843/http://www-sre.wu.ac.at/neurus/braun.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An example is [[Beverly Park (amusement park)|Beverly Park]], which was located at the corner of Beverly Boulevard and La Cienega before being closed and substituted by the [[Beverly Center]].<ref name="Jennings">{{cite book |last1=Jennings |first1=Jay |title=Beverly Park: L.A.'s Kiddieland, 1943–74 |date=February 26, 2021 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=979-8713878917 }}</ref>

In the second half of the 20th century, Los Angeles substantially reduced the amount of housing that could be built by drastically [[Zoning in the United States|downzoning]] the city. In 1960, the city had a total zoned capacity for approximately 10 million people. By 1990, that capacity had fallen to 4.5 million as a result of policy decisions to ban housing through zoning.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Monkkonen |first1=Paavo |last2=Manville |first2=Michael |last3=Lens |first3=Michael |date=2024 |title=Built out cities? A new approach to measuring land use regulation |journal=Journal of Housing Economics |volume=63 |doi=10.1016/j.jhe.2024.101982 |issn=1051-1377|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Racial tensions led to the [[Watts riots]] in 1965, resulting in 34 deaths and over 1,000 injuries.<ref name="Hinton2">{{cite book |last1=Hinton |first1=Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATS6CwAAQBAJ&q=Turn+left+or+get+shot&pg=PA69 |title=From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America |date=2016 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674737235 |pages=68–72 |access-date=May 15, 2022 |archive-date=November 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106164354/https://books.google.com/books?id=ATS6CwAAQBAJ&q=Turn+left+or+get+shot&pg=PA69#v=snippet&q=Turn%20left%20or%20get%20shot&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Olympic Torch Tower of the Los Angeles Coliseum.jpg|thumb|left|Opening ceremony of the [[1984 Summer Olympics]] at the [[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum|LA Coliseum]]]]
In 1969, California became the birthplace of the Internet, as the first [[ARPANET]] transmission was sent from the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA) to the [[Stanford Research Institute]] in [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]].<ref name="HafnerLyon1999">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RLKxSvCBQZcC|title=Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet|last1=Hafner|first1=Katie|last2=Lyon|first2=Matthew|date=August 1, 1999|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-684-87216-2|page=153|author-link1=Katie Hafner|access-date=October 1, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106164355/https://books.google.com/books?id=RLKxSvCBQZcC|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1973, [[Tom Bradley (American politician)|Tom Bradley]] was elected as the city's first African American mayor, serving for five terms until retiring in 1993. Other events in the city during the 1970s included the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]]'s [[South Los Angeles|South Central]] standoff in 1974 and the [[Hillside Stranglers]] murder cases in 1977–1978.<ref name="vronsky187">{{cite book |last=Vronsky |first=Peter |url=https://archive.org/details/serialkillersmet00vron_582 |title=Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters |year=2004 |isbn=0-425-19640-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/serialkillersmet00vron_582/page/n208 187] |publisher=Penguin |url-access=limited}}</ref>

In early 1984, the city surpassed Chicago in population, thus becoming the second largest city in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ap |date=1984-04-08 |title=LOS ANGELES REPLACES CHICAGO AS SECOND CITY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/us/los-angeles-replaces-chicago-as-second-city.html |access-date=2025-03-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 1984, the city hosted the Summer Olympic Games [[1984 Summer Olympics|for the second time]]. Despite being [[1984 Summer Olympics boycott|boycotted by 14 Communist countries]], the 1984 Olympics became more financially successful than any previous,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jun-30-me-rood30-story.html|title=Rodney W. Rood, 88; Played Key Role in 1984 Olympics, Built Support for Metro Rail|last=Woo|first=Elaine|date=June 30, 2004|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=October 1, 2011|archive-date=December 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213223948/http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jun/30/local/me-rood30|url-status=live}}</ref> and the second Olympics to turn a profit; the other, according to an analysis of contemporary newspaper reports, was the [[1932 Summer Olympics]], also held in Los Angeles.<ref name="Zarnowski">{{cite journal|author-link1=Frank Zarnowski|last=Zarnowski|first=C. Frank|date=Summer 1992|title=A Look at Olympic Costs|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1f.pdf|url-status=dead|journal=Citius, Altius, Fortius|volume=1|issue=1|pages=16–32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528012143/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1f.pdf|archive-date=May 28, 2008|access-date=October 1, 2011}}</ref>
[[File:48 California Willshire Grand (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Wilshire Grand Center]], built in 2017, is the [[List of tallest buildings in California|tallest building in California]] and in the [[Western United States]].]]
Racial tensions erupted on April 29, 1992, with the acquittal by a [[Simi Valley]] jury of four [[Los Angeles Police Department]] (LAPD) officers captured on videotape beating [[Rodney King]], culminating in [[Los Angeles riots of 1992|large-scale riots]].<ref name="RuckerUpton2007">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of American race riots|last1=Rucker|first1=Walter C.|last2=Upton|first2=James N.|last3=Hughey|first3=Matthew W.|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=978-0-313-33301-9|pages=376–85|chapter=Los Angeles (California) Riots of 1992|access-date=October 1, 2011|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQcrpqn0124C&pg=PA376|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106164355/https://books.google.com/books?id=mQcrpqn0124C&pg=PA376|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/25/us/california-post-riot/|title=Riot anniversary tour surveys progress and economic challenges in Los Angeles|last=Wilson|first=Stan|date=April 25, 2012|work=[[CNN]]|access-date=January 23, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154722/http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/25/us/california-post-riot/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1994, the magnitude 6.7 [[Northridge earthquake]] shook the city, causing $12.5&nbsp;billion in damage and 72 deaths.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-12-20-mn-16032-story.html|title=Study Raises Northridge Quake Death Toll to 72|last=Reich|first=Kenneth|date=December 20, 1995|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=October 1, 2011|page=B1|archive-date=December 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213215204/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-12-20/news/mn-16032_1_quake-death-toll|url-status=live}}</ref> The century ended with the [[Rampart scandal]], one of the most extensive documented cases of police misconduct in American history.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/lapd/scandal/cron.html|title=Rampart Scandal Timeline|access-date=October 1, 2011|publisher=[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|PBS Frontline]]|archive-date=March 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304053924/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/lapd/scandal/cron.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===21st century===
In 2002, Mayor [[James Hahn]] led the campaign against secession, resulting in voters defeating efforts by the San Fernando Valley and Hollywood to secede from the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.com/20121104/secession-drive-changed-san-fernando-valley-los-angeles|title=Secession drive changed San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles|author=Orlov, Rick|date=November 3, 2012|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|access-date=January 12, 2015|archive-date=December 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225225853/http://www.dailynews.com/20121104/secession-drive-changed-san-fernando-valley-los-angeles|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[2022 Los Angeles mayoral election|2022]], [[Karen Bass]] became the city's first female [[Mayor of Los Angeles|mayor]], making Los Angeles the largest U.S. city to have ever had a woman as mayor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-11-16/2022-california-election-bass-wins-los-angeles-mayor-caruso|title=Karen Bass elected mayor, becoming first woman to lead L.A.|date=November 16, 2022|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 18, 2022|archive-date=November 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117000148/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-11-16/2022-california-election-bass-wins-los-angeles-mayor-caruso|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2025, a series of [[January 2025 Southern California wildfires|devastating wildfires]] caused by severe winds swept through Southern California, with the [[Palisades Fire|Pacific Palisades fire]] causing widespread destruction in Los Angeles' northwestern community of [[Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles|Pacific Palisades]], with many calling it the most destructive in the history of the city of Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Cleave |first1=Iona |last2=Ibbetson |first2=Connor James |date=2025-01-09 |title=Worst fire in LA's history leaves entire neighbourhoods in ruins |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/news/0/wildfires-la-pictured-comparison-before-after/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

Los Angeles will host the [[2028 Summer Olympics]] and [[Paralympic Games]], making Los Angeles the third city to host the Olympics three times.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/07/31/news/los-angeles-olympics-2028/index.html|title=Los Angeles will host 2028 Olympics|last=Horowitz|first=Julia|date=August 1, 2017|website=[[CNNMoney]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190432/http://money.cnn.com/2017/07/31/news/los-angeles-olympics-2028/index.html|archive-date=July 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/cities-which-have-hosted-multiple-summer-olympic-games.html|title=Cities Which Have Hosted Multiple Summer Olympic Games|website=worldatlas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215161622/http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/cities-which-have-hosted-multiple-summer-olympic-games.html|archive-date=December 15, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>