Editing Local anesthesia (section)

==Non-medical local anesthetic techniques==
Local [[pain management]] that uses other techniques than [[analgesic]] medication include:
* [[Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation]], which has been found to be ineffective for [[lower back pain]]{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}}, however, it might help with [[diabetic neuropathy]].<ref name=pmid20042705>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dubinsky RM, Miyasaki J |title=Assessment: efficacy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of pain in neurologic disorders (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology |journal=Neurology |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=173–6 |date=January 2010|pmid=20042705 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c918fc |url=http://www.neurology.org/content/74/2/173.full.pdf|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Pulsed radiofrequency]], [[Neuromodulation (medicine)|neuromodulation]], direct introduction of medication and nerve [[ablation]] may be used to target either the tissue structures and organ/systems responsible for persistent [[nociception]] or the [[nociceptors]] from the structures implicated as the source of chronic pain.<ref name="Varrassi G, Paladini A">{{cite journal |vauthors=Varrassi G, Paladini A, Marinangeli F, Racz G |title=Neural modulation by blocks and infusions |journal=Pain Practice |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=34–8 |year=2006 |pmid=17309707 |doi=10.1111/j.1533-2500.2006.00056.x|s2cid=22767485 }}</ref><ref name="Meglio M.">{{cite journal |author=Meglio M |title=Spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain management |journal=Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=297–306 |year=2004 |pmid=15246338 |doi=10.1016/j.nec.2004.02.012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rasche D, Ruppolt M, Stippich C, Unterberg A, Tronnier VM |title=Motor cortex stimulation for long-term relief of chronic neuropathic pain: a 10 year experience |journal=Pain |volume=121 |issue=1–2 |pages=43–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16480828 |doi=10.1016/j.pain.2005.12.006|s2cid=24552444 }}</ref><ref name="Boswell MV, Trescott AM">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boswell MV, Trescot AM, Datta S, Schultz DM, Hansen HC, Abdi S, Sehgal N, Shah RV, Singh V, Benyamin RM, Patel VB, Buenaventura RM, Colson JD, Cordner HJ, Epter RS, Jasper JF, Dunbar EE, Atluri SL, Bowman RC, Deer TR, Swicegood JR, Staats PS, Smith HS, Burton AW, Kloth DS, Giordano J, Manchikanti L |title=Interventional techniques: evidence-based practice guidelines in the management of chronic spinal pain |journal=Pain Physician |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=7–111 |year=2007 |pmid=17256025 |url=http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/2007/january/2007;10;7-111.pdf?PHPSESSID=ea188711febadee5420f1c9061ebd249 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828141204/http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/2007/january/2007;10;7-111.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 28, 2008 |format=PDF }}</ref><ref name="Romanelli P, Esposito V">{{cite journal |vauthors=Romanelli P, Esposito V, Adler J |title=Ablative procedures for chronic pain |journal=Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=335–42 |year=2004 |pmid=15246341 |doi=10.1016/j.nec.2004.02.009}}</ref>