Editing List of presidents of Brazil (section)

==First Republic (1889–1930)==
{{Politics of Brazil}}
{{Main|First Brazilian Republic}}
In 1889, the [[Empire of Brazil]] was abolished and replaced with a republic in a coup d'état led by marshal [[Deodoro da Fonseca]], who deposed emperor Pedro II, proclaimed Brazil a Republic and formed a provisional government. The 15 November 1889 military coup began as an attempt to overthrow the Empire's [[Prime Minister of Brazil|prime minister]], [[Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto]], but the unprecedented coup against a prime minister appointed by the emperor and who enjoyed the confidence of the elected Chamber of Deputies quickly escalated to the abolition of the monarchy. 

With the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic, the [[Brazilian Constitution of 1824|Imperial constitution]] ceased to operate, the Imperial Parliament (the General Assembly) ceased to exist, and not only was the Viscount of Ouro Preto removed from office, but the position of prime minister itself ceased to exist. As head of the provisional government, Deodoro da Fonseca ruled by decree, holding both the functions of head of state and of head of government. The former [[Provinces of Brazil|provinces]] of the Empire were reorganized as [[Federative units of Brazil|states]] and the newly proclaimed republic was declared a federation, formed by the perpetual union of those states.

In 1890, elections for a Constituent Congress were summoned and held, but the decree of the provisional government that created the Congress required it to adopt a Constitution that conformed to the recently proclaimed republican system of government, and that organized the recently declared Federal State. In February 1891, a new [[Brazilian Constitution of 1891|Brazilian constitution]] was adopted, based on the [[federal republic]] of the United States of America. The country itself was named the Republic of the United States of Brazil. In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the presidents of the Republic were to be elected by direct popular vote, but, for the first presidential term, the president and vice president would be chosen by the Constituent Congress; the Constituent Congress was to elect the first president and vice president immediately after the promulgation of the Constitution. 

In accordance with those transitional provisions, Congress elected the then head of the provisional government, Deodoro da Fonseca, as the first president of the republic. Marshal [[Floriano Peixoto]] was elected by Congress to be the first vice president. The inauguration of the first president and of the first vice president was held on 26 February 1891, only two days after the promulgation of the new Republican Constitution. Deodoro resigned the presidency ten months later after a coup d'état in which he dissolved Congress was reversed. Floriano Peixoto was then inaugurated as president. In 1894, Peixoto was succeeded by [[Prudente de Morais]], the first president of Brazil to be elected by direct popular ballot. Morais, who was the first president to be elected under the permanent provisions of the Constitution adopted in 1891, was also the first civilian to assume the presidency of Brazil.

Although it was theoretically a [[constitutional democracy]], the Old Republic was characterized by the power of regional [[oligarchy|oligarchies]] and the seldom broken [[Milk coffee politics|alternation of power]] in the federal sphere between the states of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] and [[Minas Gerais]]. The vote in the countryside was often [[Coronelism|controlled by local land owners]], and less than 6% of the population had the right to vote due to literacy requirements.

In 1930, when Brazil was suffering the effects of the [[Wall Street crash of 1929]], a [[Brazilian Revolution of 1930|revolution]] broke out in the country and the Old Republic ended. President [[Washington Luís]], who was supported by São Paulo oligarchies, broke the expected alternation between São Paulo and Minas Gerais and supported a candidate who was also from São Paulo, [[Júlio Prestes]]. Prestes won the [[1930 Brazilian general election|1930 election]], but Washington Luís was deposed three weeks before the end of his term and Prestes was never inaugurated.

;Political parties
{{legend|{{party color|None}}|Unaffiliated|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#009739|[[Federal Republican Party (Brazil)|Federal Republican Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|black|[[Paulista Republican Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}|[[Mineiro Republican Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Fluminense Republican Party}}|[[Fluminense Republican Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Conservative Republican Party}}|[[Conservative Republican Party (Brazil)|Conservative Republican Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style=text-align:center;
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br>{{Small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" | Elected{{efn|name=election|Years in italics denote indirect elections.}}
! colspan="3" | Term of office{{Sfnmp|1a1=Arquivo Nacional}}
! rowspan="2" | Political party{{efn|name=party|Reflects the president's political party at the start of their presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted.}}
! rowspan="2" | Vice President
|-
! Took office
! Left office
!Time in office
|-
! 1
| style="background-color:{{party color|None}}" |
| [[File:Deodoro da Fonseca (1889) (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Deodoro da Fonseca]]
| [[Deodoro da Fonseca]]<br>{{Small|(1827–1892)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|1a1=Lemos (a)}}
| ''[[1891 Brazilian presidential election|1891]]''{{efn|Provisional head of government from 15 November 1889 to 25 February 1891. Sworn in as President of the Republic on 26 February, following the promulgation of the [[Brazilian Constitution of 1891|Constitution of 1891]] on the 24th and the holding of an indirect election on the 25th.}}
| 15 November 1889
| 23 November 1891{{efn|name=resign|Resigned from office.}}
|{{Age in years and days|1889|11|15|1891|11|23}}
| ''Unaffiliated''
| ''Vacant&nbsp;until<br />26 February 1891''
----
[[Floriano Peixoto]]
|-
! 2
| style="background-color:{{party color|None}}" |
| [[File:Floriano Peixoto (1891) (Cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Floriano Peixoto]]
| [[Floriano Peixoto]]<br>{{Small|(1839–1895)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|1a1=Lemos (b)}}
| —
| 23 November 1891
| 15 November 1894
|{{Age in years and days|1891|11|23|1894|11|15}}
| ''Unaffiliated''
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! 3
| style="background-color:#009739" |
| [[File:Prudentedemorais (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Prudente de Morais]]
| [[Prudente de Morais]]<br>{{Small|(1841–1902)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|1a1=Lang (a)}}
| [[1894 Brazilian general election|1894]]
| 15 November 1894
| 15 November 1898
|4 years
| [[Federal Republican Party (Brazil)|PRF]]
| [[Manuel Vitorino Pereira|Manuel Vitorino]]
|-
! [[Presidency of Campos Sales|4]]
| style="background-color:black" |
| [[File:Campos Sales (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Campos Sales]]
| [[Campos Sales]]<br>{{Small|(1841–1913)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Freire}}
| [[1898 Brazilian presidential election|1898]]
| 15 November 1898
| 15 November 1902
|4 years
| [[Paulista Republican Party|PRP]]
| [[Francisco de Assis Rosa e Silva|Rosa e Silva]]
|-
! 5
| style="background-color:black" |
| [[File:Rodrigues Alves 3 (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Rodrigues Alves]]
| [[Rodrigues Alves]]<br>{{Small|(1848–1919)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Lang (b)}}
| [[1902 Brazilian presidential election|1902]]
| 15 November 1902
| 15 November 1906
|4 years
| [[Paulista Republican Party|PRP]]
| [[Afonso Pena]]{{efn|Appointed as vice president to succeed vice president-elect [[Silviano Brandão]], who had died before taking office.{{Sfnp|Viscardi (a)}}}}
|-
! 6
| style="background-color:{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Afonso_Pena_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Afonso Pena]]
| [[Afonso Pena]]<br>{{Small|(1847–1909)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Viscardi (a)}}
| [[1906 Brazilian presidential election|1906]]
| 15 November 1906
| 14 June 1909{{efn|name=death|Died in office.}}
|{{Age in years and days|1906|11|15|1909|6|14}}
| [[Mineiro Republican Party|PRM]]
| [[Nilo Peçanha]]
|-
! 7
| style="background-color:{{party color|Fluminense Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Nilo_Peçanha_02_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Nilo Peçanha]]
| [[Nilo Peçanha]]<br>{{Small|(1867–1924)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Ferreira (a)}}
| —
| 14 June 1909{{efn|Nilo Peçanha succeeded to the presidency upon the death of Afonso Pena.}}
| 15 November 1910
|{{Age in years and days|1909|6|14|1910|11|15}}
| [[Fluminense Republican Party|PRF]]
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! 8
| style="background-color:{{party color|Conservative Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Hermes_da_Fonseca_(1910)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Hermes da Fonseca]]
| [[Hermes da Fonseca]]<br>{{Small|(1855–1923)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Lemos (c)}}
| [[1910 Brazilian presidential election|1910]]
| 15 November 1910
| 15 November 1914
|4 years
| [[Conservative Republican Party (Brazil)|PRC]]
| [[Venceslau Brás]]
|-
! 9
| style="background-color:{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Venceslau_Brás_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Venceslau Brás]]
| [[Venceslau Brás]]<br>{{Small|(1868–1966)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Faria}}
| [[1914 Brazilian presidential election|1914]]
| 15 November 1914
| 15 November 1918
|4 years
| [[Mineiro Republican Party|PRM]]
| [[Urbano Santos da Costa Araújo|Urbano Santos]]
|-
! —
| style="background-color:black" |
|[[File:Rodrigues_Alves_3_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Rodrigues Alves]]
|[[Rodrigues Alves]]<br><small>(1848–1919)</small>
|[[1918 Brazilian general election|1918]]
| colspan="3" |''Did not take office''{{efn|Rodrigues Alves fell ill with the [[Spanish flu]] before his inauguration, and thus was unable to attend it. His running mate, Delfim Moreira, took office as vice-president and immediately became acting president. Rodrigues Alves ultimately never took the oath of office as he died from his illness in January 1919, and thus Delfim Moreira succeeded to the presidency upon his death.}}
| [[Paulista Republican Party|PRP]]
|[[Delfim Moreira]]
|-
! 10
| style="background-color:{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Delfim_Moreira_(1918)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Delfim Moreira]]
| [[Delfim Moreira]]<br>{{Small|(1868–1920)}}<br>{{small|''Acting''}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Viscardi (b)}}
| —
| 15 November 1918{{efn|Delfim Moreira was Rodrigues Alves' running mate in the 1918 elections. The winner, Alves was prevented from taking office due to health issues and died before he had the possibility to do so. As the Constitution stipulated that a new presidential election had to be held if the president was removed before completing two years in office, Delfim held the presidency until a newly elected official could be sworn in.}}
| 28 July 1919
|{{Age in years and days|1918|11|15|1919|7|28}}
| [[Mineiro Republican Party|PRM]]
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! 11
| style="background-color:{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Epitacio_Pessoa_(1919)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Epitácio Pessoa]]
| [[Epitácio Pessoa]]<br>{{Small|(1865–1942)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Dias (a)}}
| [[1919 Brazilian presidential election|1919]]
| 28 July 1919
| 15 November 1922
|{{Age in years and days|1919|7|28|1922|11|15}}
| [[Mineiro Republican Party|PRM]]
| [[Delfim Moreira]]{{efn|name=death}}
----
[[Bueno de Paiva]]{{efn|Elected as vice president via an indirect election.{{Sfnmp|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (a)}}}} 
|-
! [[Presidency of Artur Bernardes|12]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Artur_Bernardes_(1922)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Artur Bernardes]]
| [[Artur Bernardes]]<br>{{Small|(1875–1955)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Malin (a)}}
| [[1922 Brazilian presidential election|1922]]
| 15 November 1922
| 15 November 1926
|4 years
| [[Mineiro Republican Party|PRM]]
| [[Estácio Coimbra]]
|-
! [[Presidency of Washington Luís|13]]
| style="background-color:black" |
| [[File:Washington Luís (foto)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Washington Luís]]
| [[Washington Luís]]<br>{{Small|(1869–1957)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Mayer (a)}}
| [[1926 Brazilian presidential election|1926]]
| 15 November 1926
| 24 October 1930{{efn|Deposed by the [[Revolution of 1930]].}}
|{{Age in years and days|1926|11|15|1930|10|24}}
| [[Paulista Republican Party|PRP]]
| [[Melo Viana]]
|-
! —
| style="background-color:black" |
| [[File:Júlio_Prestes,_1930_-_Schmitd,_maria_do_resguardo_(retouched)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Portrait of Júlio Prestes]]
| [[Júlio Prestes]]<br>{{Small|(1882–1946)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Mayer (b)}}
| [[1930 Brazilian presidential election|1930]]
| colspan="3" |''Did not take office''{{efn|Impeded from taking office by the Revolution of 1930. Despite never occupying this position, he is included in the list of former Presidents in the [http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/ex-presidentes Library of the Presidency of the Republic], and is listed as President of Brazil in the [https://dibrarq.arquivonacional.gov.br/index.php/albuquerque-julio-prestes-de National Archive].}}
| [[Paulista Republican Party|PRP]]
| [[Vital Soares]]
|}