Editing List of micronations (section)

==Former==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|-
! style="width:100px;"|Flag!!style="width:100px;"|Years of existence!!style="min-width:250px;"|Name!!style="min-width:50px"|Description
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Australia}}}}
|-
| [[File:Flag of Aeterna Lucina.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{center|1978–1996}}
| {{center|'''[[Sovereign State of Aeterna Lucina|Sovereign Humanitarian Mission State of Aeterna Lucia]]'''}} 
| The founder of Aeterna Lucia, who claimed to have been made a [[baron]] by an exiled king of [[Afghanistan]], declared his property in New South Wales a sovereign country. He moved twice within New South Wales, taking his micronation with him. He was charged with fraud in 1990, but the case was eventually dropped.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dean |first=Anabel |title=Bleyer's Honours Outlined |page=7 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=20 June 1989}}</ref> 
|-
| [[File:Gay Pride Flag.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|2004–2017}}
| {{center|'''[[Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands]]'''}} 
| In protest of the national government's refusal to recognize same-sex marriages performed elsewhere in the world, a group of [[LGBT rights in Australia|gay rights activists]] declared the [[Coral Sea Islands]] independent. The micronation counted all gay and lesbian people worldwide as permanent residents and eligible for citizenship. In 2017, the [[Turnbull government|Australian government]] agreed to legalize same-sex marriage if a majority of voters responding to [[Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey|an official survey]] supported it. The results were in favour of legalization. Its objective having been achieved, the kingdom was dissolved.
|-
| [[File:Hutt River Flag.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1970–2020}}
| {{center|'''[[Principality of Hutt River]]'''}} 
| During a dispute with the [[Western Australia]] government over its limits on wheat production, [[Leonard Casley]] declared his sizable farm an independent province, though he remained loyal to [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref name="Ryan"/>{{rp|22}} The micronation persisted for decades. Casley's son and heir, [[Graeme Casley]], contending with a massive debt to the [[Australian Taxation Office]] as well as the impact of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], finally dissolved the principality.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.watoday.com.au/national/end-of-an-empire-hutt-river-to-rejoin-australia-after-50-years-20200803-p55i1u.html|last=Hedley|first=Kate|title=End of an empire: Hutt River to rejoin Australia after 50 years|work=WA Today|date=3 August 2020|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804032509/https://www.watoday.com.au/national/end-of-an-empire-hutt-river-to-rejoin-australia-after-50-years-20200803-p55i1u.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Stanley|first=Michelle|date=3 August 2020|title=Hutt River Province to rejoin Commonwealth after 50-year stand-off|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-03/hutt-river-province-dissolves-into-commonwealth/12518898|access-date=4 August 2020|website=ABC News mid-west and wheatbelt|language=en-AU|archive-date=4 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904222049/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-03/hutt-river-province-dissolves-into-commonwealth/12518898|url-status=live}}</ref> 
|-
| [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|75px]][[File:Royal Banner of Scotland.svg|75px]]{{efn|The principality adopted all four of these flags.}}[[File:Australian Aboriginal Flag.svg|75px]][[File:Flag of the United Nations.svg|75px]]
| {{centre|1993–1993}}
| {{center|'''[[Principality of Marlborough]]'''}} 
| Facing repossession of two properties near [[Marlborough, Queensland|Marlborough]], Queensland, that he owned, the founder of this micronation declared them an independent country. Although he had about 30 supporters, he and his family were forcibly evicted by police eleven days later.<ref>{{cite news|title=Defiant Graziers Under Arrest|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald|date=14 June 1993}}</ref>
|-
| {{N/A}}
| {{centre|1979-mid–1980s}}
| {{center|'''[[Independent State of Rainbow Creek]]'''}} 
| At least thirty farmers were engaged in a dispute with the government of [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]] over flood damage to their farms, and taxes. One was inspired by the Hutt River Province (later the Principality of Hutt River, {{abbr|q.v.|see also}}) to secede from Victoria. Like Hutt River, Rainbow Creek retained its loyalty to the Crown.<ref name="Ryan"/>{{rp|145}}
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Brazil}}}}
|-
| [[File:Flag of the Principality of Trinidad.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1893–1895}}
| {{center|'''[[Principality of Trinidad]]'''}} 
| [[James Harden-Hickey]] claimed the uninhabited southern Atlantic island of Trindade, which did not belong to any nation. Two years later, the United Kingdom declared that the island was its territory, ignoring Harden-Hickey's claim. The British annexation of Trindade was disputed by [[First Brazilian Republic|Brazil]], which ultimately would take possession of the island. 
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Canada}}}}
|-
| [[File:Flag of Outer Baldonia.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1949–1973}}
| {{center|'''[[Principality of Outer Baldonia]]'''}} 
| The owner of one of the [[Tusket Islands]] in [[Nova Scotia]] established this micronation centred around [[recreational fishing]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mackinnon |first=Lachlan |date=27 November 2014 |title=The Principality of Outer Baldonia: A Nova Scotia Micronation |url=https://activehistory.ca/2014/11/the-principality-of-outer-baldonia-a-nova-scotia-micronation/ |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=Active History |language=en-CA}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:NewFlagVikesland.png|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|2005–2018}}
| {{center|'''[[Kingdom of Vikesland]]'''}} 
| A television news cameraman founded Vikesland in order to make a documentary about it and other micronations. It claimed his residence in [[Brandon, Manitoba|Brandon]], [[Manitoba]], as well as a nearby property that he owned jointly, as its territory.<ref name="Ryan"/>{{rp|90–93}}
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Croatia}}}}
|-
| {{N/A}}
| {{centre|1992–2010}}
| {{center|'''[[Republic of Peščenica]]'''}}
| As part of his television chat show ''[[Nightmare Stage]]'', [[Željko Malnar]] declared an independent republic, located in [[Stara Peščenica]], a neighbourhood of [[Zagreb]]. 
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Germany}}}}
|-
| {{N/A}}
| {{centre|1990–1993}}
| {{center|'''[[Bunte Republik Neustadt]]'''}} 
| This micronation existed in [[Dresden]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20120804210525/http://www.mdr.de/sachsen/5584871.html www.mdr.de: Dresdner feiern die Bunte Republik Neustadt]</ref>
|-
| [[File:Flagge Rueterberg.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1989–1989}}
| {{center|'''[[Rüterberg]]'''}}
| This village declared itself independent. One day later, the [[fall of the Berlin Wall|Berlin Wall fell]], and Rüterberg became part of a reunified Germany. 
|-
| {{N/A}}
| {{centre|1980–1980}}
| {{center|'''[[Free Republic of Wendland]]'''}}
| At a site that was planned to be tested for suitability for storing [[radioactive waste]], about 5,000 activists established a [[protest camp]] and set up a micronation. They were forcibly evicted 32 days later.
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Indonesia}}}}
|-
| [[File:Flag of the Majapahit Empire.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|2018–2020}}
| {{center|'''[[Keraton Agung Sejagat]]'''}}
| The co-founder of the Keraton claimed that an agreement 500 years earlier between the [[Majapahit|Majapahit Empire]] and the [[Portuguese Empire]] gave him dominion over the entire Earth. He would later admit that the micronation was a fraudulent enterprise. 
|-
| [[File:Sunda Empire Flag Vector.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|2003–2020}}
| {{center|'''[[Sunda Empire|Sunda Democratic Empire]]'''}}
| The founder of the Sunda Empire claimed to be the successor of [[Alexander the Great]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramadhan |first=Dony Indra |date=19 June 2020 |title=Jejak Sejarah Berdirinya Sunda Empire Diungkap Jaksa |language=id-ID |work=[[Detik.com]] |url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-5059711/jejak-sejarah-berdirinya-sunda-empire-diungkap-jaksa |access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref> ruling over a swath of territory extending from Australia to [[South Korea]]. He and two other leaders of the micronation were arrested and imprisoned in [[Indonesia]] for disseminating false information.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aditya |first=Rifan |date=27 April 2021 |title=Sunda Empire: Petinggi, Kronologi Dipenjara hingga Bebas karena Asimilasi |language=id |work=[[Suara (newspaper)|Suara]] |publisher=Arkadia Digital Media |url=https://www.suara.com/news/2021/04/27/125148/sunda-empire-petinggi-kronologi-dipenjara-hingga-bebas-karena-asimilasi |access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Italy}}}}
|-
| [[File:Rose Island Micronation flag.svg|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1968–1969}}
| {{center|'''[[Republic of Rose Island]]'''}}
| A platform was built just outside of Italian waters for the purpose of creating this micronation. The republic did not sit well with the Italian government, which quickly seized and destroyed the platform.<ref name="Ryan"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Imarisio |first=Marco |date=28 August 2009 |title=Riemerge l'isola dell'Utopia |work=[[Corriere della Sera]] |publisher=[[RCS MediaGroup|RCS Quotidiani Spa]] |url=https://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_agosto_28/isola_utopia_imarisio_64f311d6-9397-11de-8445-00144f02aabc.shtml |access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{N/A}}
| {{centre|2008–2009}}
| {{center|'''[[Mal di Ventre#Republic of Malu Entu|Republic of Malu Entu]]'''}}
| [[Sardinian nationalism|Sardinian separatists]] took over the island of [[Mal di Ventre]], off the coast of [[Sardinia]], and declared it independent.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farinelli |first=Marcel A. |year=2021 |title=The Kingdom of Tavolara and the Republic of Malu Entu. Micronations, tourism and sub-state nationalism in two Sardinian near islands |url=http://www.transformationsjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Trans35_02_Farinelli.pdf |journal=Transformations |publisher=[[Central Queensland University]] |issue=35 |issn=1444-3775 |access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref> 
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Jamaica}}}}
|-
| [[File:Flag of New Atlantis (1964-1966).svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1964–1966}}
| {{center|'''[[New Atlantis (micronation)|New Atlantis]]'''}}
| [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s brother [[Leicester Hemingway|Leicester]] established this micronation on a raft anchored off the coast of [[Jamaica]], with the objectives of conducting a democratic experiment and researching marine life. He claimed that the barge qualified as an island under the [[Guano Islands Act]], and he designated half of it United States territory. He lived on the raft for a time with his family and two staff, and planned to build an artificial island on the site, but the barge was destroyed during a storm.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Karen |date=16 January 2022 |title=New Atlantis: How Ernest Hemingway's Eccentric Little Brother Built His Own Nation |url=https://historydaily.org/new-atlantis-ernest-hemingways-brother-built-his-own-nation |access-date=2 May 2023 |website=History Daily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Leicester Hemingway: An Inventory of His New Atlantis Collection in the Manuscript Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center |url=https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingaid.cfm?eadid=00327 |website=norman.hrc.utexas.edu |access-date=23 July 2020 |archive-date=24 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724041429/https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingaid.cfm?eadid=00327 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|New Zealand}}}}
|-
| [[File:Flag of Aramoana.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1980–1981}}
| {{center|'''[[Independent State of Aramoana]]'''}}
|A small New Zealand community that declared itself independent to protest the building of an aluminium smelter on nearby land.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/travel/143192/aramoana-pathway-sea |title=Aramoana: pathway to the sea |work=[[Otago Daily Times]] |date=13 December 2011 |access-date=26 June 2012 |archive-date=8 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608070306/http://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/travel/143192/aramoana-pathway-sea |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Nigeria}}}}
|-
| {{N/A}}
| {{centre|1970–1977}}
| {{center|'''[[Kalakuta Republic]]'''}}
| In protest of [[military dictatorship in Nigeria|Nigeria's military dictatorship]], musician and activist [[Fela Kuti]] declared his property in [[Lagos]] independent. Kalakuta contained the residences of Kuti's family and band members, and his recording studio. The compound was attacked and destroyed by the Nigerian military several years later. 
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|[[Spratly Islands]]}}
|-
|align=center|<!-- Do NOT display a non-free flag image here. See talk page for more information -->
| {{centre|1956–1974}}
| {{center|'''[[Free Territory of Freedomland]]'''}}
| The founder of Freedomland claimed dominion over the Spratly Islands.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Shicun Wu|author2=Keyuan Zou|title=Arbitration Concerning the South China Sea: Philippines Versus China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30upCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-17989-4|pages=18–19|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-date=25 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925015220/https://books.google.com/books?id=30upCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18|url-status=live}}</ref> He eventually signed them over to the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doyo |first=Ma. Ceres P. |date=25 June 2015 |title=The old man and the sea |language=en |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer|Inquirer.net]] |url=https://opinion.inquirer.net/86123/the-old-man-and-the-sea |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Tanganyika}}}}
|-
| [[File:Sultanate of M'Simbati flag.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1959–1980}}
| {{center|'''[[Sultanate of M'Simbati]]'''}}
| In what was then [[Tanganyika Territory|Tanganyika]], the founder of this micronation declared his property independent, and proclaimed himself [[sultan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=M'Simbati |url=https://www.defactoborders.org/places/msimbati |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=De Facto}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.1uptravel.com/flag/flags/tz_msimb.html |title=M'Simbati (1959-1961) (Tanzania) |last=Bakker |first=Jarig |publisher=Flags of the World |date=22 February 2003 |access-date=9 March 2017 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224203812/http://www.1uptravel.com/flag/flags/tz_msimb.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|Tonga}}}}
|-
| [[File:Flag Minerva.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1972–1982}}
| {{center|'''[[Republic of Minerva]]'''}}
| In its first bid to establish a libertarian state, the [[Phoenix Foundation]] began building an artificial island on the Minerva Reefs. This alarmed countries in the vicinity, which mutually agreed that [[Tonga]] would claim the atolls. A decade later, the leader of the Republic of Minerva made a second unsuccessful attempt to take possession of the reefs.<ref name="Ryan"/>{{rp|14}}
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}}
|-
| [[File:Flag of the Islands of Refreshment.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{center|1811–1816}}
| {{center|'''[[Islands of Refreshment]]'''}} 
| [[Jonathan Lambert (sailor)|Jonathan Lambert]] occupied, renamed, and declared himself ruler of the remote archipelago Tristan da Cunha, in the southern [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]]. He and two of the other three inhabitants of the largest island drowned five months later, but the surviving resident and two men who joined him continued to live there. The [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] annexed Tristan da Cunha several years later, to pre-empt its use by France or the United States.<ref>''[[Boston Gazette]]'', 18 July 1811</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Tristan d'Acunha, etc.: Jonathan Lambert, late Sovereign thereof |journal=Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine |volume=4 |issue=21 |date=Dec 1818 |pages=280–285 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tt_QAAAAMAAJ |access-date=8 September 2019 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819233555/https://books.google.com/books?id=tt_QAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Flag of Frestonia.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1977–1980s}}
| {{center|'''[[Frestonia]]'''}}
| In the [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|London borough of Hammersmith]], a community of squatters, which counted some prominent writers, musicians, and other artists among its members, was facing eviction. Inspired partly by the micronation Freetown Christiania ({{abbr|q.v.|see also}}), the residents voted to secede. In a dispute over the performance of a play, a British court ruled that, for the purposes of that particular lawsuit, Frestonia was not part of the United Kingdom. 
|-
| [[File:Flag of Lovely.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|2004–2013}}
| {{center|'''[[How to Start Your Own Country#Kingdom of Lovely|Kingdom of Lovely]]'''}}
| In the television series ''[[How to Start Your Own Country]]'', [[Danny Wallace (humorist)|Danny Wallace]] investigates the subject of micronations, and starts one of his own. Lovely claimed Wallace's [[East London]] flat as its territory.
|-
|[[File:Flag of Waveland.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1997}}
| {{center|'''[[Rockall#Recorded visits to Rockall|Global State of Waveland]]'''}}
| [[Greenpeace]] took the island of [[Rockall]] in protest against the oil research activities organized under British rule. On June 15, the island was declared independent as the "Global State of Waveland". The occupation lasted 42 days in total.<ref name="bbc2023may26">{{cite news |date=26 May 2023 |title=Army veteran aims to set new world record for longest stay on Rockall |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-65727510 |access-date=27 May 2023 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|{{flag|United States}}}}
|-
| [[File:Flag of Freedonia.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1997–2004}}
| {{center|'''[[Principality of Freedonia]]'''}}
| A group of college students envisioned a libertarian state, but were never able to acquire territory other than the leader's home in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1 March 2000 |title=It's Good to Be King |url=http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/8.03/kingdoms_pr.html |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628202022/http://www.wired.com/2000/03/kingdoms/ |archive-date=28 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:US flag 34 stars.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1861–1986}}
| {{center|'''[[State of Scott]]'''}}
| [[Tennessee]] was the last state to join the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] before the [[American Civil War]]. The state's secession was unpopular in much of [[East Tennessee]], including [[Scott County, Tennessee|Scott County]]. Shortly after the war began, residents overwhelmingly voted to declare the county independent of Tennessee, and it became a [[Southern Unionist]] enclave. Tennessee's governor, [[Isham G. Harris]], sent 1,700 soldiers to Scott to quash its claim of secession from the state, but the troops were repelled. The county's proclamation of independence was not officially repealed until over a century later. 
|-
| colspan="4" | {{center|Other}}
|-
| [[File:Flag of Celestia.svg|border|150x150px]]
| {{centre|1948–1970}}
| {{center|'''[[Nation of Celestial Space]]'''}}
| Prior to the existence of the Outer Space Treaty, [[James T. Mangan]] claimed "all space in all directions from the Earth" in order to prevent a terrestrial country from dominating space.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://nationofcelestialspace.com/history/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=Nation of Celestial Space |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pop |first=Virgiliu |date=1 August 2006 |title=The Nation of Celestial Space |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964606000518 |journal=Space Policy |language=en |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=205–213 |doi=10.1016/j.spacepol.2006.05.008 |bibcode=2006SpPol..22..205P |issn=0265-9646 |url-access=subscription |access-date=4 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Richmond |first=Ben |date=15 April 2013 |title=The Outer Space Country That the United Nations Ignored |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-outer-space-country-that-the-united-nations-ignored/ |magazine=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |language=en |access-date=4 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{N/A}}
| {{centre|1968–1973}}
| {{center|'''[[Operation Atlantis]]'''}}
| An American soap company owner attempted to create a [[libertarianism|libertarian]] nation. After gathering a group of interested people, he made multiple unsuccessful attempts to construct a small area in the [[Caribbean]] above sea level, suitable for habitation.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url = https://www.wired.com/2009/01/mf-seasteading/?currentPage=all|title = Live Free or Drown: Floating Utopias on the Cheap =|magazine = Wired|access-date = 2 February 2020|archive-date = 14 December 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191214120319/https://www.wired.com/2009/01/mf-seasteading/?currentPage=all|url-status = live|last1 = Baker|first1 = Chris}}</ref><ref name="Simpson2016">{{cite journal|last1=Simpson|first1=Isabelle|title=Operation Atlantis: A case-study in libertarian island micronationality|journal=Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures|volume=10|issue=2|year=2016|issn=1834-6057|doi=10.21463/shima.10.2.05|pages=22, 27|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|}