Editing List of astronomers (section)

==Brief alphabetical list==

===A===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Aryabhata]] (India, 476–550)
*[[Marc Aaronson]] (United States, 1950–1987)
*[[George Ogden Abell]] (United States, 1927–1983)
*[[Hiroshi Abe (astronomer)|Hiroshi Abe]] (Japan, 1958–)
*[[Antonio Abetti]] (Italy, 1846–1928)
*[[Giorgio Abetti]] (Italy, 1882–1982)
*[[Charles Greeley Abbot]] (United States, 1872–1973)
*[[Charles Hitchcock Adams]] (United States, 1868–1951)
*[[John Couch Adams]] (United Kingdom, 1819–1892)
*[[Walter Sydney Adams]] (United States, 1876–1956)
*[[Saul Adelman]] (United States, 1944–)
*[[Petrus Alphonsi]] (Spain, 1062–1110)
*[[Agrippa (astronomer)|Agrippa]] (Greece, fl. {{circa|92}})
*[[Paul Oswald Ahnert]] (Germany, 1897–1989)
*[[Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs]] (Germany, 1912–1954)
*[[George Biddell Airy]] (United Kingdom, 1801–1892)
*[[Robert Grant Aitken|Robert Aitken]], (United States, 1864–1951)
*[[Makio Akiyama]] (Japan, 1950–)
*[[Al Battani]] ([[Iraq]], 850–929)
*[[Albategnius]] ''(see Al-Batani)''
*[[Vladimir Aleksandrovich Albitzky]] (Russia, 1891–1952)
*[[Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi]] (Persia, 787–886)
*[[George Alcock]] (United Kingdom, 1913–2000)
*[[Harold Alden]] (United States, 1890–1964)
*[[Hannes Alfvén]] (Sweden, 1908–1995)
*[[Lawrence H. Aller]] (United States, 1913–2003)
*[[Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi]] (Persia, 903–986)
*[[Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian]], ([[Armenia]], 1912–1996)
*[[John August Anderson]] (United States, 1876–1959)
*[[Wilhelm Anderson]] ([[Estonia]], 1880–1940)
*[[Marie Henri Andoyer]] (France, 1862–1929)
*[[Andronicus of Cyrrhus]] (Greece, fl. 100 BC)
*[[Anders Jonas Ångström]] (Sweden, 1814–1874)
*[[E. M. Antoniadi|Eugène Michel Antoniadi]] (Greece-France, 1870–1944)
*[[Masakatsu Aoki]] (Japan, 1957–)
*[[Petrus Apianus]] (Germany, 1495–1557)
*[[François Arago]] (France, 1786–1853)
*[[Masaru Arai]] (Japan, 1952–)
*[[Hiroshi Araki]] (Japan)
*[[Sylvain Julien Victor Arend|Sylvain Arend]] (Belgium, 1902–1992)
*[[Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander]] (Germany, 1799–1875)
*[[Aristarchus of Samos]] (Greece, {{circa|310}} BC – {{circa|230}} BC)
*[[Christoph Arnold]] (Germany, 1650–1695)
*[[Halton Arp|Halton Christian Arp]] (United States, 1927–2013)
*[[Arzachel]] (Spain, 1028–1087)
*[[Asada Goryu]] (Japan, 1734–1799)
*[[Atsuo Asami]] (Japan)
*[[Giuseppe Asclepi]] (Italy, 1706–1776)
*[[Joseph Ashbrook]] (United States, 1918–1980)
*[[Arthur Auwers]] (Germany, 1838–1915)
*[[Adrien Auzout]] (France, 1622–1691)
*[[David Axon]] (England, 1951–2012)
}}
===B===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Brahmagupta]] (India, 598–668 CE)
*[[Bhaskara I]] (India, 629 CE)
*[[Bhaskara II]] (India, 1114–1185)
*[[Walter Baade]] (Germany, 1893–1960)
*[[Harold D. Babcock]] (United States, 1882–1968)
*[[Horace W. Babcock]] (United States, 1912–2003)
*[[Oskar Backlund]] (Sweden, 1846–1916)
*[[John N. Bahcall]] (United States, 1934–2005)
*[[Yoshiaki Banno]] (Japan, 1952–1991)
*[[Benjamin Baillaud]] (France, 1848–1934)
*[[Jules Baillaud]] (France, 1876–1960)
*[[Baptistin Baille|Jean-Baptiste Baille]] (France, 1841–1918)
*[[Jean Sylvain Bailly]] (France, 1736–1793)
*[[Francis Baily]] (United Kingdom, 1774–1844)
*[[John Bainbridge (astronomer)|John Bainbridge]] (United Kingdom, 1582–1643)
*[[John E. Baldwin]] (United Kingdom, 1931–2010)
*[[Sallie Baliunas]] (United States, 1953–)
*[[Zoltán Balog (astronomer)|Zoltán Balog]] (Hungary/United States, 1972–)
*[[Benjamin Banneker]] (United States, 1731–1806)
*[[Pietro Baracchi]] (Italy, Australia, 1851–1926)
*[[Beatriz Barbuy]] (Brazil, 1950–)
*[[Edward Emerson Barnard]] (United States, 1857–1923)
*[[Julius Bauschinger]] (France, 1860–1934)
*[[Johann Bayer]] (Germany, 1572–1625)
*[[Antonín Bečvář]] (Czechoslovakia, 1901–1965)
*[[Wilhelm Beer]] (Germany, 1797–1850)
*[[Sergei Ivanovich Belyavsky]] (Russia, 1883–1953)
*[[Charles L. Bennett]] (United States, 1956–)
*[[Jocelyn Bell Burnell]] (United Kingdom, 1943–)
*[[Friedrich Bessel|Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel]] (Germany, 1784–1846)
*[[Somnath Bharadwaj]] (India, 1964–)
*[[Wilhelm Freiherr von Biela]] (Austria, 1782–1856)
*[[Ludwig Biermann]] (Germany, 1907–1986)
*[[Wolf Bickel]] (Germany. 1942–)
*[[Guillaume Bigourdan]] (France, 1851–1932)
*[[James Binney]] (United Kingdom, 1950–)
*[[Biruni]] (Persia, 973–1048)
*[[Gennady S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan]] (Russia, 1941–)
*[[Adriaan Blaauw]] (Netherlands, 1914–2010)
*[[Nathaniel Bliss]] (United Kingdom, 1700–1764)
*[[Johann Elert Bode]] (Germany, 1747–1826)
*[[Alfred Bohrmann]] (Germany, 1904–2000)
*[[Bart Bok]] (Netherlands, 1906–1983)
*[[Charles Thomas Bolton]] (United States/Canada, 1943–2021)
*[[John Gatenby Bolton]] (United Kingdom/Australia, 1922–1993)
*[[William Cranch Bond]] (United States, 1789–1859)
*[[Alphonse Borrelly]] (France, 1842–1926)
*[[Rudjer Boscovich]] ([[Dalmatia]], 1711–1787)
*[[Lewis Boss]] (United States, 1846–1912)
*[[Alexis Bouvard]] (France, 1767–1843)
*[[Rychard Bouwens]] (United States, 1972–)
*[[Edward L. G. Bowell]] (United States, 1943–)
*[[Ira Sprague Bowen]] (United States, 1898–1973)
*[[Louis Boyer (astronomer)|Louis Boyer]] (France, 1901–1999)
*[[Brian J. Boyle]] (Scotland and Australia, 1960–)
*[[Ronald N. Bracewell]] (Australia, United States, 1921–2007)
*[[James Bradley]] (United Kingdom, 1693–1762)
*[[William A. Bradfield]] (New Zealand, Australia, 1927–2014)
*[[Tycho Brahe]] (Denmark, 1546–1601)
*[[John Brashear|John Alfred Brashear]] (United States, 1840–1920)
*[[William Robert Brooks]] (United States, 1844–1922)
*[[Theodor Brorsen]] (Denmark, 1819–1895)
*[[Dirk Brouwer]] (Netherlands–United States, 1902–1966)
*[[Ernest William Brown]] (United Kingdom, 1866–1938)
*[[Michael E. Brown|Michael (Mike) E. Brown]] (United States, 1965–)
*[[Hermann Alexander Brück]] (Germany, 1905–2000)
*[[Ismael Bullialdus]] (France, 1605–1694)
*[[Margaret Burbidge]] (United Kingdom–United States, 1919–2020)
*[[Robert Burnham, Jr.]] (United States, 1931–1993)
*[[Sherburne Wesley Burnham]] (United States, 1838–1921)
*[[Schelte J. Bus]] (United States, 1956–)
*[[Bimla Buti]] (India, 1933–)
}}
===C===
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*[[William Wallace Campbell]] (United States, 1862–1938)
*[[Annie Jump Cannon]] (United States, 1863–1941)
*[[Luigi Carnera]] (Italy, 1875–1962)
*[[Edwin Francis Carpenter]] (United States, 1898–1963)
*[[James Carpenter (astronomer)|James Carpenter]] (United Kingdom, 1840–1899)
*[[Richard Christopher Carrington]] (United Kingdom, 1826–1875)
*Sir [[John Carroll (astronomer)|John Carroll]] (United Kingdom, 1899–1974)
*[[Anthony W. Case]] (United States, 1980–)
*[[César-François Cassini de Thury]] (France, 1714–1784)
*[[Dominique, comte de Cassini]] (France, 1748–1845)
*[[Giovanni Domenico Cassini]] (France, 1625–1712)
*[[Jacques Cassini]] (France, 1677–1756)
*[[Bonaventura Cavalieri]] (Italy, 1598–1647)
*[[Anders Celsius]] (Sweden, 1701–1744)
*[[Vincenzo Cerulli]] (Italy, 1859–1927)
*[[Jean Chacornac]] (France, 1823–1873)
*[[James Challis]] (United Kingdom, 1803–1882)
*[[Radha Gobinda Chandra]] ([[Bangladesh]], India, 1878–1975)
*[[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] (India, United States, 1910–1995)
*[[Carl Charlier]] (Sweden, 1862–1934)
*[[Auguste Charlois]] (France, 1864–1910)
*[[Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernykh]] (Russia/[[Ukraine]], 1935–2017)
*[[Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh]] (Russia/[[Ukraine]], 1931–2004)
*[[James Christy]] (United States, 1938–)
*[[Klim Churyumov]] ([[Ukraine]], 1937–2016)
*[[Barry G. Clark]] (United States, 1938–)
*[[Edwin Foster Coddington]] (United States, 1870–1950)
*[[Jérôme Eugène Coggia]] (France, 1849–1919)
*[[Josep Comas i Solà]] (Spain, 1868–1937)
*[[Andrew Ainslie Common]] (United Kingdom, 1841–1903)
*[[Guy Consolmagno]] (United States, 1952–)
*[[Nicolaus Copernicus]] ([[Royal Prussia|Prussia]]/Poland), 1473–1543)
*[[Corsono Carsono]] (Spain)
*[[Janine Connes]] (France, 1934–)
*[[Pablo Cottenot]] (France)
*[[Heather Couper]] (United Kingdom, 1949–2020)
*[[Leopold Courvoisier]] (Switzerland, 1873–1955)
*[[Arthur Edwin Covington]] (Canada, 1914–2001)
*[[Philip Herbert Cowell]] (United Kingdom, 1870–1949)
*[[Thomas George Cowling]] (United Kingdom, 1906–1990)
*[[Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin]] (United Kingdom, 1865–1939)
*[[Luís Cruls|Luíz Cruls]] (Brazil, 1848–1908)
*[[James Cuffey]] (United States, 1911–1999)
*[[Heber Doust Curtis]] (United States, 1872–1942)
*[[Florence Cushman]] (United States, 1860–1940)
}}
===D===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Alexander Dalgarno]] (United States, 1928–2015)
*[[Jacques D'Allonville|Jacques Eugène d'Allonville]] (France, 1671–1732)
*[[Andre Louis Danjon]] (France, 1890–1967)
*[[Heinrich d'Arrest]] (Germany, 1822–1875)
*[[George Howard Darwin]] (United Kingdom, 1845–1912)
*[[Roger Davies (astrophysicist)|Roger Davies]] (United Kingdom, 1954–)
*[[Leonardo da Vinci]] (Italy, 1452–1519)
*[[William Rutter Dawes]] (United Kingdom, 1799–1868)
*[[Bernhard Dawson]] (Argentina, 1890–1960)
*[[Leo de Ball]] (Germany, Austria, 1853–1916)
*[[Duília de Mello]] (Brazil, 1963–)
*[[Henri Debehogne]] (Belgium, 1928–2007)
*[[Annibale de Gasparis]] (Italy, 1819–1892)
*[[Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre]] (France, 1749–1822)
*[[Charles-Eugène Delaunay]] (France, 1816–1872)
*[[Eugène Joseph Delporte]] (Belgium, 1882–1955)
*[[Audrey C. Delsanti]] (France, 1976–)
*[[William Frederick Denning]] (United Kingdom, 1848–1931)
*[[Alíz Derekas]] (Hungary, 1977–)
*[[Willem de Sitter]] (Netherlands, 1872–1934)
*[[Henri-Alexandre Deslandres]] (France, 1853–1948)
*[[Alexander Nikolaevich Deutsch]] (Russia, 1900–1986)
*[[Gérard de Vaucouleurs]] (France/United States, 1918–1995)
*[[Robert Dicke]] (United States, 1916–1997)
*[[Terence Dickinson]] (Canada, 1943–)
*[[Thomas Digges]] (United Kingdom, 1546–1595)
*[[Herbert Dingle]] (United States, 1890–1978)
*[[Andrea Di Paola]] (Italy, 1970–)
*[[Ewine van Dishoeck]] (Netherlands, 1955–)
*[[Giovanni Battista Donati]] (Italy, 1826–1873)
*[[Frank Drake]] (United States, 1930–)
*[[Henry Draper]] (United States, 1837–1882)
*[[Mary Anna Draper]] (United States, 1839–1914)
*[[John Louis Emil Dreyer|John Dreyer]] (Ireland, 1852–1926)
*[[Alexander D. Dubyago]] (Russia), 1903–1959)
*[[Dmitrij I. Dubyago]] (Russia), 1850–1918)
*[[Jean Dufay|Jean C. B. Dufay]] (France, 1896–1967)
*[[Raymond Smith Dugan]] (United States, 1878–1940)
*[[James Dunlop]] (Scotland, 1793–1848)
*[[Richard B. Dunn]] (United States, 1927–2005)
*[[Petar Đurković]] ([[Serbia]], 1908–1981)
*[[Frank Watson Dyson]] (United Kingdom, 1868–1939)
}}
===E===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Arthur Eddington]] (United Kingdom, 1882–1944)
*[[Frank K. Edmondson]] (United States, 1912–2008)
*[[Olin J. Eggen]] (United States, 1919–1998)
*[[David J. Eicher]] (United States, 1961–)
*[[Albert Einstein]] (Germany, 1879–1955)
*[[Eise Eisinga]] (Netherlands, 1744–1828)
*[[Eric Walter Elst]] (Belgium, 1936–2022)
*[[Johann Franz Encke]] (Germany, 1791–1865)
*[[Kin Endate]] (Japan, 1960–)
*[[Eratosthenes]] ([[Alexandria]], 276 BC – 194 BC)
*[[Emil Ernst]] (Germany, 1889–1942)
*[[Ernest Esclangon]] (France, 1876–1954)
*[[Fred Espenak]] (United States, 1953–)
*[[Larry W. Esposito]] (United States, 1951–)
*[[Eudoxus of Cnidus|Eudoxus]] ([[Cnidus]], {{circa|408 BC}} – {{circa|355}} BC)
*[[Robert Evans (astronomer)|Robert Evans]] (Australia, 1937–2022)
}}
===F===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[David Fabricius]] (Netherlands, 1564–1617)
*[[Sandra M. Faber]] (United States, 1945–)
*[[Johannes Fabricius]] (Netherlands, 1587–1615)
*[[Fearon Fallows]] (United Kingdom, 1789–1831)
*[[Hervé Faye]] (France, 1814–1902)
*[[Charles Fehrenbach (astronomer)|Charles Fehrenbach]] (France, 1914–2008)
*[[Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani|Farghani]] (Persia, 800–870)
*[[James Ferguson (American astronomer)|James Ferguson]] (United States, 1797–1867)
*[[Alex Filippenko]] (United States, 1958–)
*[[Erwin Finlay-Freundlich]] (Germany, 1885–1964)
*[[Axel Firsoff]] (United Kingdom, 1910–1981)
*[[Debra Fischer]] (United States)
*[[J. Richard Fisher]] (United States, 1943–)
*[[Camille Flammarion]] (France, 1842–1925)
*[[Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion]] (France, 1867–1962)
*[[John Flamsteed]] (United Kingdom, 1646–1719)
*[[Honoré Flaugergues]] (France, 1755–1835)
*[[Williamina Fleming]] (United States, 1857–1911)
*[[Wilhelm Julius Foerster]] (Germany, 1832–1921)
*[[Alfred Fowler]] (United Kingdom, 1868–1940)
*[[William Alfred Fowler]] (United States, 1911–1995)
*[[Philip Fox (astronomer)|Philip Fox]] (United States, 1878–1944)
*[[Andrew Fraknoi]] (United States, 1948–)
*[[Joseph von Fraunhofer]] (Germany, 1787–1826)
*[[Herbert Friedman]] (United States, 1916–2000)
*[[Dirk D. Frimout]] (Belgium, 1941–)
*[[Edwin Brant Frost]] (United States, 1866–1935)
*[[Shigehisa Fujikawa]] (Japan)
*[[Naoshi Fukushima]] (Japan, 1925–2003)
*[[Kiichirō Furukawa]] (Japan, 1929–2016)
*[[Toshimasa Furuta]] (Japan)
}}
===G===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Bryan Gaensler]] (Australia, 1973–)
*[[Gan De]] (China, fl. 4th century BC)
*[[Galileo Galilei]] (Italy, 1564–1642)
*[[Julio Garavito Armero]] ([[Colombia]], 1865–1920)
*[[Gordon J. Garradd]] (Australia, 1959–)
*[[Ben Gascoigne]] (New Zealand, Australia, 1915–2010)
*[[Margaret Geller]] (United States, 1947)
*[[Gautama Siddha]] (China, fl. 8th century AD)
*[[Johann Gottfried Galle]] (Germany, 1812–1910)
*[[George Gamow]] (Russia, United States, 1904–1968)
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] (Germany, 1777–1855)
*[[Tom Gehrels]] (Netherlands, United States, 1925–2011)
*[[Neil Gehrels]] (United States, 1952–2017)
*[[Andrea M. Ghez]] (United States, 1965–)
*[[Riccardo Giacconi]] (Italy, 1931–2018)
*[[Michel Giacobini]] (France, 1873–1938)
*[[Henry L. Giclas]] (United States, 1910–2007)
*[[David Gill (astronomer)|David Gill]] (United Kingdom, 1843–1914)
*[[Fred Gillett (astronomer)|Fred Gillett]] (United States, 1937–2001)
*[[Karl Glazebrook]] (UK, 1965–)
*[[Ian Glass]] (Ireland/[[South Africa]], 1939–)
*[[Thomas Gold]] (United States, 1920–2004)
*[[Leo Goldberg]] (United States, 1913–1987)
*[[Peter Goldreich]] (United States, 1939–)
*[[Hermann Goldschmidt]] (Germany, 1802–1866)
*[[François Gonnessiat]] (France, 1856–1934)
*[[John Goodricke]] (United Kingdom, 1764–1786)
*[[Alyssa A. Goodman]] (United States, 1962–)
*[[Abu Sa'id Gorgani]] (Persia, 9th century)
*[[Paul Götz]] (Germany, 1883–1962)
*[[Benjamin Apthorp Gould]] (United States, 1824–1896)
*[[Andrew Graham (astronomer)|Andrew Graham]] (Ireland, 1815–1907)
*[[Kathryn Aurora Gray]] (Canada, 2000–)
*[[Charles Green (astronomer)|Charles Green]] (England, 1735–1771)
*[[Jesse Greenstein]] (United States, 1909–2002)
*[[John Grunsfeld]] (United States, 1956–)
*[[Jay U. Gunter]] (United States, 1911–1994)
*[[Alexander A. Gurshtein]] (Russia, 1937–2020)
*[[Bengt Gustafsson (astronomer)|Bengt Gustafsson]] (Sweden, 1943–)
*[[Guo Shoujing]] (China, 1231–1316)
*[[Alan Harvey Guth]] (United States, 1947–)
}}
===H===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Yusuke Hagihara]] (Japan, 1897–1979)
*[[Alan Hale (astronomer)|Alan Hale]] (United States, 1958–)
*[[George Ellery Hale]] (United States, 1868–1938)
*[[Asaph Hall]] (United States, 1829–1907)
*[[Edmond Halley]] (England, 1656–1742)
*[[Erika Hamden]] (United States, ?–)
*[[Heidi Hammel]] (United States, 1960–)
*[[Mario Hamuy]] ([[Chile]], 1960–?)
*[[Peter Andreas Hansen]] (Denmark, 1795–1874)
*[[Harawi, Abolfadl|Abulfazl Harawi]] (Persia, 10th century)
*[[Karl Ludwig Harding]] (Germany, 1765–1834)
*[[Thomas Hariot]] (United Kingdom, 1560–1621)
*[[Guillermo Haro]] (Mexico, 1913–1988)
*[[Robert George Harrington]] (United States, 1904–1987)
*[[Robert Sutton Harrington]] (United States, 1942–1993)
*[[Edward Robert Harrison]] (United Kingdom/United States, 1917–2007)
*[[William Kenneth Hartmann]] (United States, 1939–)
*[[Lisa Harvey-Smith]] (Australia, 1979–)
*[[Takeo Hatanaka]] (Japan, 1914–1963)
*[[Tim Hawarden]] (South Africa, 1943–2009)
*[[Stephen Hawking]] (United Kingdom, 1942–2018)
*[[Will Hay]] (United Kingdom, 1888–1949)
*[[Chushiro Hayashi]] (Japan, 1920–2010)
*[[Otto Hermann Leopold Heckmann]] (Germany, 1901–1983)
*[[Carl E. Heiles|Carl Heiles]] (United States, 1939–)
*[[Joseph Helffrich]] (Germany, 1872–1971)
*[[Eleanor Helin]] (United States, 1932–2009)
*[[Maximilian Hell]] ([[Austria-Hungary]], 1720–1792)
*[[Karl Ludwig Hencke]] (Germany, 1793–1866)
*[[Thomas Henderson (astronomer)|Thomas Henderson]] (Scotland, 1798–1844)
*[[Paul Henry and Prosper Henry|Paul Henry]] (France, 1848–1905)
*[[Paul Henry and Prosper Henry|Prosper Henry]] (France, 1849–1903)
*[[Abraham bar Hiyya]] (Spanish Jewish), (1070–1136)
*[[George Howard Herbig]] (United States, 1920–2013)
*[[Carl W. Hergenrother]] (United States, 1973–)
*[[Caroline Herschel]] (United Kingdom, 1750–1848)
*[[John Herschel]] (United Kingdom, 1792–1871)
*[[William Herschel]] (United Kingdom/Germany, 1738–1822)
*[[Ejnar Hertzsprung]] (Denmark, 1873–1967)
*[[Johannes Hevelius]] ([[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]], 1611–1687)
*[[Antony Hewish]] (United Kingdom, 1924–2021)
*[[George William Hill]] (United States, 1838–1914)
*[[John Russell Hind]] (United Kingdom, 1823–1895)
*[[Hipparchus]] ([[İznik|Nicaea]], {{circa|190}} BC–120 BC)
*[[Masanori Hirasawa]] (Japan)
*[[Kiyotsugu Hirayama]] (Japan, 1874–1943)
*[[Shin Hirayama]] (Japan, 1868–1945)
*[[Gustave-Adolphe Hirn]] (France, 1815–1890)
*[[Sebastian von Hoerner]] (Germany), 1919–2003)
*[[Cuno Hoffmeister]] (Germany, 1892–1968)
*[[Dorrit Hoffleit]] (United States, 1907–2007)
*[[Helen Sawyer Hogg]] (Canada, 1905–1993)
*[[Minoru Honda]] (Japan, 1917–1990)
*[[Kamil Hornoch]] ([[Czech Republic]], 1972–)
*[[Jeremiah Horrocks]] (United Kingdom, {{circa|1619}}–1641)
*[[Cornelis Johannes van Houten]] (Netherlands, 1920–2002)
*[[Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld]] (Netherlands, 1921–2015)
*[[Martin van den Hove]] (Netherlands, 1605–1639)
*[[Herbert Alonzo Howe]] (USA, 1858–1926)
*[[Fred Hoyle]] (United Kingdom, 1915–2001)
*[[Su-Shu Huang]] (China/USA, 1915-1977)
*[[Edwin Hubble|Edwin Powell Hubble]] (United States, 1889–1953)
*[[William Huggins]] (United Kingdom, 1824–1910)
*[[Russell Alan Hulse]] (United States, 1950–)
*[[Hendrik C. van de Hulst|Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst]] (Netherlands, 1918–2000)
*[[Milton Lasell Humason]] (United States, 1891–1972)
*[[Thomas John Hussey]] (England, 1792–1854)
*[[Christiaan Huygens]] (Netherlands, 1629–1695)
*[[Yuji Hyakutake]] (Japan, 1950–2002)
*[[J. Allen Hynek|Josef Allen Hynek]] (United States, 1910–1986)
*[[Hypatia]] ([[Egypt]], (born {{circa}} 350–370; died 415 AD)
*[[Christopher Hansteen]] (Norway, 1784–1873)
}}
===I===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Icko Iben|Icko Iben, Jr.]] (United States, 1931–)
*[[Kaoru Ikeya]] (Japan, 1943–)
*[[Chris Impey]] (United Kingdom/United States, 1956–)
*[[Robert Thorburn Ayton Innes]] (Scotland/[[South Africa]], 1861–1933)
*[[Shigeru Inoda]] (Japan, 1955–2008)
*[[Jamal Nazrul Islam]] ([[Bangladesh]], 1939–2013)
*[[Edward Israel]] (United States, 1859–1884)
*[[Iwahashi Zenbei]] (Japan, 1756–1811)
*[[Masayuki Iwamoto]] (Japan, 1954–)
*[[Shun-ei Izumikawa]] (Japan)
}}
===J===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Cyril V. Jackson]] ([[South Africa]], 1903–1988)
*[[Karan Jani]] (India, 1988–)
*[[Pierre Jules César Janssen]] (France, 1824–1907)
*[[James Jeans]] (United Kingdom, 1877–1946)
*[[Benjamin Jekhowsky]] (Russia/France/[[Algeria]], 1881–1953)
*[[Louise Freeland Jenkins]] (United States, 1888–1970)
*[[David C. Jewitt]] (United Kingdom, 1958–)
*[[Jiao Bingzhen]] (China, 1689–1726)
*[[John Johnson (astronomer)|John A. Johnson]] (United States, 1977–)
*[[Alfred Harrison Joy]] (United States, 1882–1973)
*[[Vinod Johri]] (India, 1935–2014)
}}
===K===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Ali Kuşçu]] ([[Turkey]], 1403–1474)
*[[Tetsuo Kagawa]] (Japan, 1969–)
*[[Franz Kaiser]] (Germany, 1891–1962)
*[[Kiyotaka Kanai]] (Japan, 1951–)
*[[Hiroshi Kaneda]] (Japan, 1953–)
*[[Henry Kandrup]] (United States, 1955–2003)
*[[Jacobus Kapteyn]] (Netherlands, 1851–1922)
*[[Lyudmila Karachkina]] ([[Ukraine]], 1948–)
*[[Ghiyath al-Kashi]] (Persia, 1380–1429)
*[[Jeffrey Owen Katz]] (United States, 1960–)
*[[Karlis Kaufmanis]] ([[Latvia]]/United States, 1910–2003
*[[Kōyō Kawanishi]] (Japan, 1959–)
*[[Nobuhiro Kawasato]] (Japan)
*[[James Edward Keeler]] (United States, 1857–1900)
*[[Paul Kempf]] (Germany, 1856–1920)
*[[Johannes Kepler]] (Germany, 1571–1630)
*[[Omar Khayyám]] (Persia, 1048–1131)
*[[Al-Khujandi]] (Persia, 10th century)
*[[Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]], (Persia, 780–850)
*[[Kidinnu]] ([[Babylon]], 4th century BC; d. 330 BC?)
*[[Hisashi Kimura]] (Japan, 1870–1943)
*[[Maria Margarethe Kirch]] (Germany, 1670–1720)
*[[Daniel Kirkwood]] (United States, 1814–1895)
*[[Robert Kirshner]] (United States, 1949–)
*[[Minoru Kizawa]] (Japan, 1947–)
*[[Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues]] (Germany, 1827–1884)
*[[Viktor Knorre]] (Russia, 1840–1919)
*[[Takao Kobayashi]] (Japan, 1961–)
*[[Toru Kobayashi]] (Japan)
*[[Luboš Kohoutek]] (1935–)
*[[Masahiro Koishikawa]] (Japan, 1952–2020)
*[[Nobuhisa Kojima]] (Japan, 1933–)
*[[Takuo Kojima]] (Japan, 1955–)
*[[Yoji Kondo]] (Japan, 1933–2017)
*[[Zdeněk Kopal]] (Czechoslovakia, United Kingdom, United States, 1914–1993)
*[[August Kopff]] (Germany, 1882–1960)
*[[Korado Korlević]] ([[Croatia]], 1958–)
*[[Hiroki Kosai]] (Japan, 1933–)
*[[Charles T. Kowal]] (United States, 1940–2011)
*[[Robert Kraft (astronomer)|Robert Kraft]] (United States, 1927–2015)
*[[Ľubor Kresák]] (Czechoslovakia, 1927–1994)
*[[Heinrich Kreutz]] (Germany, 1854–1927)
*[[Kazuo Kubokawa]] (Japan, 1903–1943)
*[[Marc Kuchner]] (United States, 1972–)
*[[Gerard Kuiper]] (Netherlands, United States, 1905–1973)
*[[Donald Kurtz]] (1948–)
*[[Reiki Kushida]] (Japan)
*[[Yoshio Kushida]] (Japan, 1957–)
*[[György Kulin]] ([[Austria-Hungary]], 1905–1989)
}}
===L===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Lagadha]] (India, 1st millennium BCE)
*[[Nicolas Louis de Lacaille]] (France, 1713–1762)
*[[Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist]] (Sweden, 1944–)
*[[Joseph Louis Lagrange|Joseph-Louis Lagrange]] (France, 1736–1813)
*[[Jérôme Lalande]] (France, 1732–1807)
*[[Johann Heinrich Lambert]] (France, Germany, 1728–1777)
*[[David J. Lane (astronomer)|David J. Lane]] (Canada, 1983–)
*[[Andrew E. Lange]] (United States, 1957–2010)
*[[Samuel Pierpont Langley]] (United States, 1834–1906)
*[[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] (France, 1749–1827)
*[[Jacques Laskar]] (France, 1955–)
*[[William Lassell]] (United Kingdom, 1799–1880)
*[[Joseph Jean Pierre Laurent]] (France, fl. 1858)
*[[Henrietta Swan Leavitt]] (United States, 1868–1921)
*[[Typhoon Lee]] (United States and [[Taiwan]], 1948–)
*[[Guillaume Le Gentil]] (France, 1725–1792)
*[[Georges Lemaître]] (Belgium, 1894–1966)
*[[Pierre Lemonnier (physicist)|Pierre Lemonnier]] (France, 1715–1799)
*[[Frederick C. Leonard]] (United States, 1896–1960)
<!-- *[[Cyprian Leovitius]] (1524–1574) -->
*[[Armin Otto Leuschner|Armin Leuschner]] (US, 1868–1953)
*[[Geraint F. Lewis|Geraint Lewis]] (Australia, 1969–)
*[[Urbain Le Verrier]] (France, 1811–1877)
*[[Li Fan (Han Dynasty)|Li Fan]] (China, fl. 1st century AD)
*[[James Lind (naturalist)|James Lind]] (UK, 1736–1812)
*[[Bertil Lindblad]] (Sweden, 1895–1965)
*[[Adolph Friedrich Lindemann]] (Germany/[[UK]], 1846–1927)
*[[Chris Lintott]] (United Kingdom, 1980–)
*[[Joseph Johann Littrow]] (Austria, 1781–1840)
*[[Karl L. Littrow]] (Austria, 1811–1877)
*[[Liu Xin (scholar)|Liu Xin]] (China, fl. 1st century AD)
*[[Joseph Lockyer]] (United Kingdom, 1836–1920)
*[[Avi Loeb]] ([[Israel]], USA 1962–)
*[[Maurice Loewy]] (Austria/France, 1833–1907)
*[[Christian Sørensen Longomontanus]] (Denmark, 1562–1647)
*[[Percival Lowell]] (United States, 1855–1916)
*[[Ángel López (astronomer)|Ángel López]] (Spain, 1955–)
*[[Álvaro López-García]] (Spain, 1941–2019)
*[[John William Lubbock]] (United Kingdom, 1803–1865)
*[[Knut Lundmark]] (Sweden, 1889–1958)
*[[Robert Luther]] (Germany, 1822–1900)
*[[Lupitus of Barcelona]] (Spain)
*[[Jane Luu]] ([[South Vietnam]], United States 1965–)
*[[Willem Luyten]] ([[Dutch East Indies]], Netherlands, 1899–1994)
*[[Donald Lynden-Bell]] (United Kingdom, 1935–2018)
*[[Andrew Lyne]] (UK, 1942–)
*[[Bernard Lyot]] (France, 1897–1952)
}}
===M===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Mahendra Suri]] (India, 14th century CE)
*[[Ma Yize]] (China, 910–1005)
*[[Adriaan van Maanen]] (United States, 1884–1946)
*[[George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield]] (United Kingdom, {{circa|1697}}–1764)
*[[Johann Heinrich von Mädler]] (Germany, 1794-1874)
*[[Amy Mainzer]] (United States, 1974–)
*[[Steve Mandel]] (United States)
*[[Geoff Marcy]] (United States, 1954–)
*[[Simon Marius]] (Germany, 1573–1624)
*[[Brian G. Marsden]] (United States, 1937–2010)
*[[Albert Marth]] (Germany, 1828–1897)
*[[Nevil Maskelyne]] (United Kingdom, 1732–1811)
*[[Charles Mason]] (United Kingdom, United States, 1730–1787)
*[[John C. Mather]] (United States, 1946–)
*[[Janet Akyüz Mattei]] ([[Turkey]]/United States, 1943–2004)
*[[Edward Walter Maunder]] (United Kingdom, 1851–1928)
*[[Pierre Louis Maupertuis]] (France, 1698–1759)
*[[Alain Maury]] (France, 1958–)
*[[Antonia Maury]] (United States, 1866–1952)
*[[Matthew Fontaine Maury]] (United States, 1806–1873)
*[[Brian May]] (United Kingdom, 1947–)
*[[Cornell Mayer]] (United States, 1922–2005)
*[[Tobias Mayer]] (Germany, 1723–1762)
*[[Michel Mayor]] (Switzerland, 1942–)
*[[Christopher McKee]] (United States, 1942–)
*[[Robert S. McMillan (astronomer)|Robert S. McMillan]] (United States)
*[[William H. McCrea]] (United Kingdom, 1904–1999)
*[[Bruce A. McIntosh]] (Canada, 1929–2015)
*[[Robert H. McNaught]] (Australia, 1956–)
*[[Pierre Méchain]] (France, 1744–1804)
*[[Thebe Medupe]] ([[South Africa]], 1973–)
*[[Karen Jean Meech]] (United States, 1956–)
*[[Aden Meinel|Aden Baker Meinel]] (United States, 1922–2011)
*[[Marjorie Meinel|Marjorie Pettit Meinel]] (United States, 1922–2008)
*[[Fulvio Melia]] (United States, 1956–)
*[[Philibert Jacques Melotte]] (United Kingdom, 1880–1961)
*[[Paul Merrill|Paul Willard Merrill]] (United States, 1887–1961)
*[[David Merritt]] (United States)
*[[Charles Messier]] (France, 1730–1817)
*[[Joel Hastings Metcalf]] (United States, 1866–1925)
*[[Andreas Gerasimos Michalitsianos]] (United States, 1947–1997)
*[[John Michell]] (United Kingdom, 1724–1793)
*[[Elia Millosevich]] (Italy, 1848–1919)
*[[Edward Arthur Milne]] (United Kingdom, 1896–1950)
*[[Rudolph Minkowski]] (Germany, 1895–1976)
*[[Marcel Minnaert|Marcel Gilles Jozef Minnaert]] (Belgium, Netherlands, 1893–1970)
*[[Maria Mitchell]] (United States, 1818–1889)
*[[Seidai Miyasaka]] (Japan, 1955–)
*[[Yoshikane Mizuno]] (Japan, 1954–)
*[[August Ferdinand Möbius]] (Germany, 1790–1868)
*[[Anthony Moffat]] (Canada)
*[[Johan Maurits Mohr]] (Netherlands, 1716–1775)
*[[Samuel Molyneux]] (United Kingdom, 1689–1728)
*[[Geminiano Montanari]] (Italy, 1633–1687)
*[[Patrick Moore]] (United Kingdom, 1923–2012)
*[[James Michael Moran]] (United States, 1943–)
*[[William Wilson Morgan]] (United States, 1906–1994)
*[[Hiroshi Mori (astronomer)|Hiroshi Mori]] (Japan, 1958–)
*[[Amédée Mouchez]] (France, 1821–1892)
*[[Antonín Mrkos]] (Czechoslovakia, 1918–1996)
*[[Jean Mueller]] (United States, 1950–)
*[[Masaru Mukai]] (Japan, 1949–)
*[[Christiaan Alexander Muller]] (Netherlands, 1923-2004)
*[[Gustav Müller (astronomer)|Gustav Müller]] (Germany, 1851–1925)
*[[Regiomontanus|Johannes Müller]] (Germany, 1436–1476)
*[[Harutaro Murakami]] (Japan, 1872–1947)
*[[Osamu Muramatsu]] (Japan, 1949–)
*[[Ahmad bin Musa|bin Musa, Ahmad]] (Persia, 805–873)
*[[Hasan bin Musa|bin Musa, Hasan]] (Persia, 810–873)
*[[Muhammad bin Musa|bin Musa, Muhammad]] (Persia, (800–873)
*[[Nils Mustelin]] (Finland, 1931–2004)
}}
===N===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Nilakantha Somayaji]] (India, 1444–1544)
*[[Valentin Naboth]] (Germany, Italy, 1523–1593)
*[[Naburimannu]] ([[Babylonia]], sometime between 6th century BC and 2nd century BC)
*[[Takeshi Nagata]] (Japan, 1913–1991)
*[[Ahmad Nahavandi]] (Persia, 7th–8th century)
*[[Akimasa Nakamura]] (Japan, 1961–)
*[[Syuichi Nakano]] (Japan, 1947–)
*[[Jayant Narlikar]] (India, 1938–)
*[[Naubakht]] (Persia, d. 776)
*[[Al-fadl ibn Naubakht]] (Persia, 8th century)
*[[Otto Neugebauer]] (Germany, United States, 1899–1990)
*[[G. N. Neujmin|Grigoriy Nikolaevich Neujmin]] (Russia, 1886–1946)
*[[Simon Newcomb]] (United States, 1835–1909)
*[[Isaac Newton]] (United Kingdom, 1643–1727)
*[[Seth Barnes Nicholson]] (United States, 1891–1963)
*[[Albertus Antonie Nijland]] (Netherlands, 1868–1936)
*[[Tsuneo Niijima]] (Japan, 1955–)
*[[Peter Nilson]] (Sweden, 1937–1998)
*[[Hōei Nojiri]] (Japan, 1885–1977)
*[[Jaime Nomen]] (Spain, 1960–)
*[[Toshiro Nomura]] (Japan, 1954–)
}}
===O===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Knut Jørgen Røed Ødegaard]] (Norway, 1966–)
*[[Okuro Oikawa]] (Japan, 1896–1970)
*[[Tarmo Oja]] (Sweden, 1934–2024)
*[[Tomimaru Okuni]] (Japan, 1931–)
*[[Nicolaus Olahus]] ([[Hungarian people|Hungarian]], 1493–1568)
*[[Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers]] (Germany, 1758–1840)
*[[Gerard K. O'Neill|Gerard O'Neill]] (United States, 1927–1992)
*[[Jan Hendrik Oort]] (Netherlands, 1900–1992)
*[[Pieter Oosterhoff]] (Netherlands, 1904–1978)
*[[Ernst Öpik]] ([[Estonia]], Ireland, 1893–1985)
*[[José Luis Ortiz Moreno]] (Spain, 1967–)
*[[Yoshiaki Oshima]] (Japan, 1952–)
*[[Donald Edward Osterbrock]], United States, 1924–2007)
*[[Liisi Oterma]] (Finland, 1915–2001)
*[[Satoru Otomo]] (Japan, 1957–)
*[[Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans]] (Netherlands, 1827–1906)
}}
===P===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Rafael Pacheco]] (Spain, 1954–)
*[[Bohdan Paczyński]] (Poland, 1940–2007)
*[[Ľudmila Pajdušáková]] (Czechoslovakia, 1916–1979)
*[[Johann Palisa]] (Austria, 1848–1925)
*[[Johann Palitzsch]] (Germany, 1723–1788)
*[[Anton Pannekoek]] (Netherlands, 1873–1960)
*[[Eugene Parker]] (United States, 1927–2022)
*[[George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield]] (United Kingdom, {{circa|1697}}–1764)
*[[William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse|William Parsons, Lord Rosse]] (Ireland, 1800–1867)
*[[André Patry]] (France, 1902–1960)
*[[Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin]] (United Kingdom, United States, 1900–1979)
*[[Ruby Payne-Scott]] (Australia, 1912–1981)
*[[Jean-Claude Pecker]] (France, 1923–2020)
*[[Jim Peebles|James Peebles]] (Canada, United States, 1935–)
*[[Cuthbert Peek|Sir Cuthbert Peek, 2nd Baronet]] (UK, 1855–1901)
*[[Manuel Peimbert]] (Mexico, 1941–)
*[[Leslie Peltier|Leslie Copus Peltier]] (United States, 1900–1980)
*[[Roger Penrose]] (United Kingdom, 1931–)
*[[Arno Penzias]] (United States, Germany, 1933–2024)
*[[Luboš Perek]] (Czech Republic, 1919–2020)
*[[Saul Perlmutter]] (United States, 1959–)
*[[Charles Dillon Perrine]] (United States, Argentina, 1867–1951)
*[[Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin]] (France, 1845–1904)
*[[Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters]] (Germany, United States, 1813–1890)
*[[George Henry Peters]] (United States, 1863–1947)
*[[Mark M. Phillips]] (United States, 1951–)
*[[Giuseppe Piazzi]] (Italy, 1746–1826)
*[[Edward Charles Pickering]] (United States, 1846–1919)
*[[William Henry Pickering]] (United States, 1858–1938)
*[[Phil Plait]] (United States, 1964–)
*[[Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana]] (Italy, 1781–1864)
*[[Petrus Plancius]] (Netherlands, 1552–1622)
*[[John Stanley Plaskett]] (Canada, 1865–1941)
*[[Norman Robert Pogson]] (United Kingdom, 1829–1891)
*[[Christian Pollas]] (France, 1947–)
*[[John Pond]] (England, 1767–1836)
*[[Jean-Louis Pons]] (France, 1761–1831)
*[[Carolyn Porco]] (United States, 1953–)
*[[Vladimír Porubčan]] (Czechoslovakia, 1940–)
*[[Charles Pritchard]] (United Kingdom, 1808–1893)
*[[Richard Proctor]] (England, 1837–1888)
*[[Milorad B. Protić]] ([[Serbia]], 1911– 2001)
*[[Antoni Przybylski]] (Poland, Australia, 1913–1985)
*[[Ptolemy]] of Alexandria ([[Roman Egypt]], {{circa|85}}–165)
*[[Pierre Puiseux]] (France, 1855–1928)
*[[Georg Purbach]] (Germany, 1423–1461)
*[[Pythagoras]] of Samos (Greece, 580 BC–500 BC)
*[[Paris Pişmiş]] (Armenia/Mexico, 1911–1999)
}}
===Q===
*[[Adolphe Quetelet]] (Belgium, 1796–1874)
*[[Ali Qushji]] ([[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]], 1403–1474)
*[[M. Shahid Qureshi]] (Pakistan)

===R===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[David L. Rabinowitz|David Lincoln Rabinowitz]] (United States, 1960–)
*[[Grote Reber]] (United States, 1911–2002)
*[[Martin Rees]] (United Kingdom, 1942–)
*[[Hubert Reeves]] (Canada, 1932–)
*[[Regiomontanus]] (Johannes Müller) (Germany, 1436–1476)
*[[Julius Reichelt]] (Germany, 1637–1717)
*[[Erasmus Reinhold]] ([[Duchy of Prussia|Prussia]], Germany, 1511–1553)
*[[Karl Reinmuth]] (Germany, 1892–1979)
*[[Pieter Johannes van Rhijn]] (Netherlands, 1886–1960)
*[[Giovanni Battista Riccioli]] (Italy, 1598–1671)
*[[Mercedes Richards]] (Jamaica, 1955–2016)
*[[Jean Richer]] (France, 1630–1696)
*[[Edward Riddle]] (England, 1788–1854)
*[[Adam Riess]] (United States, 1969–)
*[[Fernand Rigaux]] (Belgium, 1905–1962)
*[[George Willis Ritchey]] (United States, 1864–1945)
*[[David Rittenhouse]] (United States, 1732–1796)
*[[Hans-Walter Rix]] (Germany, 1964–)
*[[Arjen Roelofs]] (Netherlands, 1754–1824)
*[[Nancy G. Roman]] (United States, 1925–2018)
*[[Elizabeth Roemer]] (United States, 1929–2016)
*[[Gustavo E. Romero]] (Argentina, (1964–)
*[[Roger of Hereford]] (England, {{circa|1176}}–1198)
*[[Ole Rømer|Ole Christensen Rømer]] (Denmark, 1644–1710)
*[[Otto A. Rosenberger]] (Germany, 1800–1890)
*[[Svein Rosseland]] (Norway, 1894–1985)
*[[Bruno Rossi]] (Italy, 1905–1993)
*[[Marta Graciela Rovira]] (Argentina)
*[[Vera Rubin]] (United States, 1928–2016)
*[[Henry Chamberlain Russell]] (Australia, 1836–1907)
*[[Henry Norris Russell]] (United States, 1877–1957)
*[[Martin Ryle]] (United Kingdom, 1918–1984)
}}
===S===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*Sir [[Edward Sabine]] (Ireland, 1788–1883)
*[[Carl Sagan]] (United States, 1934–1996)
*[[Megh Nad Saha]] (India, 1893–1956)
*[[Edwin Ernest Salpeter]] (Austria, Australia, United States, 1924–2008)
*[[Allan Rex Sandage]] (United States, 1926–2010)
*[[H. G. van de Sande Bakhuyzen|Hendricus Gerardus van de Sande Bakhuyzen]] (Netherlands, 1838–1923)
*[[Wallace Leslie William Sargent]] (United Kingdom, United States, 1935–2012)
*[[Anneila Sargent]] (United Kingdom, United States, 1942–)
*[[Naoto Sato]] (Japan, 1953–)
*[[Alexandre Schaumasse]] (France, 1882–1958)
*[[Giovanni Schiaparelli]] (Italy, 1835–1910)
*[[Frank Schlesinger]] (United States, 1871–1943)
*[[Bernhard Schmidt]] ([[Estonia]], Sweden, Germany, 1879–1935)
*[[Brian P. Schmidt]] (United States, 1967–)
*[[Maarten Schmidt]] (Netherlands, 1929–)
*[[Robert Schommer]] (United States, 1946–2001)
*[[Johann Hieronymus Schröter]] (Germany, 1745–1816)
*[[Lipót Schulhof]] (Hungary, 1847–1921)
*[[Heinrich Christian Schumacher]] (Germany, 1780–1850)
*[[Hans-Emil Schuster]] (Germany, 1934–)
*[[Samuel Heinrich Schwabe]] (Germany, 1789–1875)
*[[Karl Schwarzschild]] (Germany, 1873–1916)
*[[Martin Schwarzschild]] (Germany, United States, 1912–1997)
*[[Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann]] (Germany, 1870–1964)
*[[James Vernon Scotti]] (United States, 1960–)
*[[Frederick Hanley Seares]] (United States, 1873–1964)
*[[George Mary Searle]] (United States, 1839–1918)
*[[Angelo Secchi]] (Italy, 1818–1878)
*[[Sadao Sei]] (Japan)
*[[Waltraut Seitter]] (Germany, 1930–2007)
*[[Tsutomu Seki]] (Japan, 1930–)
*[[Carl Keenan Seyfert]] (United States, 1911–1960)
*[[Grigory Abramovich Shajn]] (Russia, 1892–1956)
*[[Pelageya Fedorovna Shajn]] (Russia, 1894–1956)
*[[Harlow Shapley]] (United States, 1885–1972)
*[[Richard Sheepshanks]] (United Kingdom, 1794–1855)
*[[Shen Kuo]] (China, 1031–1035)
*[[Shi Shen]] (China, fl. 4th century BC)
*[[Shibukawa Shunkai]] (Japan, 1639–1715)
*[[Yoshisada Shimizu]] (Japan, 1943–)
*[[Shinzo Shinjo]] (Japan, 1873–1938)
*[[Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi|Qutb eddin Shirazi]] (Persia, 1236–1311)
*[[Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky]] (Russia, 1916–1985)
*[[Vladimir Shkodrov]] ([[Bulgaria]], 1930–2010)
*[[Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker]] (United States, 1929–2021)
*[[Eugene Merle Shoemaker]] (United States, 1928–1997)
*[[Seth Shostak]] (United States, 1943–)
*[[Andrew Siemion]] (United States, 1980–)
*[[Willem de Sitter]] (Netherlands, 1872–1934)
*[[Charlotte Moore Sitterly]] (United States, 1898–1990)
*[[Brian A. Skiff]] (United States)
*[[John Francis Skjellerup]] (Australia, [[South Africa]], 1875–1952)
*[[Vesto Melvin Slipher]] (United States, 1875–1969)
*[[William Marshall Smart]] (United Kingdom, 1889–1975)
*[[Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova (astronomer)|Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova]] (Russia, 1935–2001)
*[[George Smoot]] (United States, 1945–)
*[[William Henry Smyth]] (United Kingdom, 1788–1865)
*[[Willebrord Snellius]] (Netherlands, 1580–1626)
*[[Mary Fairfax Somerville]] (United Kingdom, 1780–1872)
*Sir [[James South]] (United Kingdom, 1785–1867)
*Sir [[Harold Spencer Jones]] (United Kingdom, 1890–1960)
*[[Lyman Spitzer]] (United States, 1914–1997)
*[[Friederich Wilhelm Gustav Spörer]] (Germany, 1822–1895)
*[[Rainer Spurzem]] (Germany, 1956–)
*[[Anton Staus]] (Germany, 1872–1955)
*[[Joel Stebbins]] (United States, 1878–1966)
*[[Johan Stein]] (Netherlands, 1871–1951)
*[[Carl August Steinheil|Karl August von Steinheil]], (Germany, 1801–1870)
*[[Édouard Stephan]] (France, 1837–1923)
*[[Denise Stephens]] (United States)
*[[Charles Bruce Stephenson]] (United States, 1929–2001))
*[[David J. Stevenson]] (New Zealand, 1948–)
*[[Edward James Stone]] (1831–1897)
*[[F. J. M. Stratton]] (United Kingdom, 1881–1960)
*[[Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren]] (Denmark, 1908–1987)
*[[Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve|Friedrich Georg Wilhelm (von) Struve]] (Germany, Russia, 1793–1864)
*[[Karl Hermann Struve]] (Russia, Germany, 1854–1920)
*[[Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig Struve]] (Russia, 1858–1920)
*[[Otto Struve]] (Russia, United States, 1897–1963)
*[[Otto Wilhelm von Struve|Otto Wilhelm (von) Struve]] (Russia, 1819–1905)
*[[Su Song]] (China, 1020–1101)
*[[Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi]] (Persia, 903–986)
*[[Matsuo Sugano]] (Japan, 1939–)
*[[Atsushi Sugie]] (Japan)
*[[Nicholas Suntzeff]] (United States, 1952–)
*[[Rashid Alievich Sunyaev]] ([[Uzbekistan]] Russia Germany, 1943–)
*[[Shohei Suzuki]] (Japan)
*[[Lewis A. Swift]] (United States, 1820–1913)
*[[Frédéric Sy]] (France)
}}
===T===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Akihiko Tago]] (Japan, 1932–)
*[[Atsushi Takahashi]] (Japan, 1965–)
*[[Kesao Takamizawa]] (Japan, 1952–)
*[[Jill Tarter]] (United States, 1944–)
*[[Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.]] (United States, 1941–)
*[[John Tebbutt]] (Australia, 1834–1916)
*[[Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel]] (Germany, 1821–1889)
*[[Thabit ibn Qurra]] ([[Iraq]], 826–901)
*[[Thorvald Nicolai Thiele]] (Denmark, 1838–1910)
*[[Louis Thollon]] (France, 1829–1887)
*[[Norman G. Thomas]] (United States, 1930–2020)
*[[John M. Thome|John Thome]] (United States, Argentina, 1843–1908)
*[[Kip Stephen Thorne]] (United States, 1940–)
*[[Friedrich Tietjen]] (Germany, 1834–1895)
*[[Beatrice Muriel Hill Tinsley]] (New Zealand, United States, 1941–1981)
*[[François Félix Tisserand]] (France, 1845–1896)
*[[Johann Daniel Titius]] (Germany, 1729–1796)
*[[Yasuo Tanaka (astronomer)|Yasuo Tanaka]] (Japan, 1931–2018)
*[[Clyde Tombaugh]] (United States, 1906–1997)
*[[Kōichirō Tomita]] (Japan, 1925–2006)
*[[Richard Tousey]] (United States, 1908–1997)
*[[Charles Townes]] (United States, 1915–2015)
*[[Virginia Trimble]] (United States, 1943–)
*[[Chad Trujillo]] (United States, 1973–)
*[[Robert Julius Trumpler]] (United States, 1886–1956)
*[[R. Brent Tully]] (United States, 1943–)
*[[Herbert Hall Turner]] (England, 1861–1930)
*[[Nasir al-Din Tusi]] (Persia, 1201–1274)
*[[Horace Parnell Tuttle]] (United States, 1839–1923)
*[[Neil deGrasse Tyson]] (United States, 1958–)
}}
===U===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Seiji Ueda]] (Japan, 1952–)
*[[Ulugh Beg]] ([[Uzbekistan]], 1394–1449)
*[[Antonio de Ulloa]] (Spain), 1716–1795)
*[[Anne Barbara Underhill]] (Canada, 1920–2003)
*[[Albrecht Unsöld]] (Germany, 1905–1995)
*[[Takeshi Urata]] (Japan, 1947–2012)
*[[Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi|Mu’ayyad al-Din al-’Urdi]] (Persia d. 1266)
*[[Fumiaki Uto]] (Japan)
}}
===V===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Yrjö Väisälä]] (Finland, 1891–1971)
*[[Benjamin Valz]] (France, 1787–1867)
*[[James Van Allen]] (United States, 1914–2006)
*[[George Van Biesbroeck]] (Belgium, United States, 1880–1974)
*[[Hendrik C. van de Hulst|Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst]] (Netherlands, 1918–2000)
*[[Peter van de Kamp]] (United States, 1901–1995)
*[[Sidney van den Bergh]] (Canada, 1929–)
*[[Martin van den Hove]] (Netherlands, 1605–1639)
*[[H. G. van de Sande Bakhuyzen|Hendricus Gerardus van de Sande Bakhuyzen]] (Netherlands, 1838–1923)
*[[Hendrik van Gent]] (Netherlands, [[South Africa]], 1900–1947)
*[[Cornelis Johannes van Houten]] (Netherlands, 1920–2002)
*[[Pieter Johannes van Rhijn]] (Netherlands, 1886–1960)
*[[Gérard de Vaucouleurs]] (France, United States, 1918–1995)
*[[Zdeňka Vávrová]] (Czechoslovakia, 1945–)
*[[Jean-Pierre Verdet]] (France, 1932–)
*[[Philippe Véron]] (France, 1939–2014)
*[[Frank Washington Very]] (United States, 1852–1927)
*[[Yvon Villarceau]] (France, 1813–1883)
*[[Julie Vinter Hansen]] (Denmark), 1890–1960)
*[[Hermann Carl Vogel]] (Germany, 1841–1907)
*[[Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve]] (Germany, Russia, 1793–1864)
*[[Otto Wilhelm von Struve]] (Russia, 1819–1905)
*[[Alexander N. Vyssotsky]] (Russia/United States, 1888–1973)
*[[Emma Vyssotsky]] (United States, 1894–1975)
}}
===W===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Arno Arthur Wachmann]] (Germany, 1902–1990)
*[[Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī|Abul Wáfa]] (Persia, 940–997/998)
*[[Walcher of Malvern]] (England d. 1135)
*[[George Wallerstein]] (1930–2021)
*[[William Wales (astronomer)|William Wales]] (United Kingdom, {{circa|1734}}–1798)
*[[Dennis Walsh]] (United Kingdom, 1933–2005)
*[[Qingde Wang]] (United States/China)
*[[Brian Warner (astronomer)]] (United Kingdom, 1939–)
*[[Brian D. Warner]] (United States, 1952–)
*[[Kazuro Watanabe]] (Japan, 1955–)
*[[James Craig Watson]] (United States, 1838–1880)
*[[Edmund Weaver (astronomer)|Edmund Weaver]] (United Kingdom, 1663–1748)
*[[Kim Weaver]] (United States, 1969–)
*[[Thomas William Webb]] (United Kingdom, 1807–1885)
*[[Rachel Webster]] (Australia, 1951–)
*[[Alfred Lothar Wegener]] (Germany, 1880–1930)
*[[Gary A. Wegner]] (United States, 1944–)
*[[Wei Pu]] (China, 960–1279)
*[[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker|Karl von Weizsäcker]] (Germany, 1912–2007)
*[[Godefroy Wendelin]] (Belgium, 1580–1667)
*[[Richard M. West]] (Denmark, 1941–)
*[[Gart Westerhout]] (Netherlands, United States, 1927–2012)
*[[Bengt Westerlund]] (Sweden, 1921–2008)
*[[J. G. Westphal]] (Germany, 1824–1859)
*[[Johann Heinrich Westphal]] (Germany, Italy, 1794–1831)
*[[George Wetherill]] (1925–2006)
*[[John Archibald Wheeler]] (United States, 1911–2008)
*[[Fred Lawrence Whipple]] (United States, 1906–2004)
*[[Albert Whitford (astronomer)|Albert Whitford]] (United States, 1905–2002)
*[[Mary Watson Whitney]] (United States, 1847–1921)
*[[Chandra Wickramasinghe]] (United Kingdom, 1939–)
*[[Paul Wild (Swiss astronomer)|Paul Wild]] (Switzerland, 1925–2014)
*[[Olin C. Wilson]] (United States, 1909–1994)
*[[Ida E. Woods]] (United States, 1870–1940)
*[[Robert Woodrow Wilson|Robert Wilson]] (United States, 1936–)
*[[Rogier Windhorst]] (United States, 1955–)
*[[Vincent Wing]] (UK, 1619–1668)
*[[Anna Winlock]] (United States, 1857–1904)
*[[Henry "Trae" Winter]] (United States, 1972)
*[[John Winthrop (educator)|John Winthrop]] ([[Massachusetts Bay Colony]], 1714–1779)
*[[Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke]] (Germany, 1835–1897)
*[[Carl Wirtanen]] (United States, 1910–1990)
*[[Jack Wisdom]] (United States, 1953–)
*[[Gustav Witt]] (Germany, 1866–1946)
*[[Maximilian Wolf]] (Germany, 1863–1932)
*[[Aleksander Wolszczan]] (Poland, 1946–)
*[[Edith Jones Woodward]] (United States), (1914–2002)
*[[Richard van der Riet Woolley]] (United Kingdom, 1906–1986)
*[[Frances Woodworth Wright]] (United States, 1897–1989)
*[[Thomas Wright (astronomer)|Thomas Wright]] (United Kingdom, 1711–1786)
*[[Gillian Wright (Astronomer)|Gillian Wright]] (United Kingdom)
*[[Arthur Bambridge Wyse]] (United States, 1909–1942)
}}
===Y===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Issei Yamamoto]] (Japan, 1889–1959)
*[[Masayuki Yanai]] (Japan, 1959–)
*[[Yi Xing]] (China, 683–727)
*[[Anne Sewell Young]] (United States, 1871–1961)
*[[Charles Augustus Young]] (United States, 1834–1908)
*[[James Whitney Young]] (United States, 1941–)
*[[Judith Young (astronomer)|Judith Young]] (United States, 1952–2014)
}}
===Z===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
*[[Franz Xaver von Zach]] (Germany, 1753–1832)
*[[Abraham Zacuto]] (Spain/[[Portugal]], 1450–1510)
*[[John Zarnecki]] (UK, 1949–)
*[[Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich]] ([[Soviet Union|USSR]], 1914–1987)
*[[Zhang Daqing]] (China, 1969–)
*[[Zhang Heng]] (China, 78–139)
*[[Zhang Yuzhe]] (China, 1902–1986)
*[[Lyudmila Vasil'evna Zhuravleva]] (Russia/[[Ukraine]], 1946–)
*[[Felix Ziegel]] ([[Soviet Union]], 1920–1988)
*[[Zu Chongzhi]] (China, 429–500)
*[[Fritz Zwicky]] (Switzerland, United States, 1898–1974)
}}