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== Valentinianic dynasty (364–392) == {{Main|Valentinianic dynasty}} {{Legend|#EBEBEB|({{Hash-tag}}) – Ambiguous legitimacy{{Efn|name=ambig}}}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |+ {{Sronly|Valentinianic dynasty}} ! scope=col width="7%" | Portrait ! scope=col width="17%" | Name{{Efn|Distinction between ''[[Nomen gentilicium|nomen]]'', ''[[praenomen]]'' and ''[[cognomen]]'', the core elements of [[Roman naming conventions]], began to fade away from the 3rd century onwards. Given that "new Romans" —that is, [[Barbarian#In classical Greco-Roman contexts|barbarians]] turned [[Roman citizenship|citizens]]— adopted the names of their masters, many citizens adopted the names [[Julia gens|Julius]], [[Flavian dynasty|Flavius]] (notable the [[Constantinian dynasty|Constantinians]]) and [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty|Marcus Aurelius]] (notable the 3rd century emperors), thus making them obsolete as [[surnames]]. As a result, most citizens of the Empire, even emperors, reverted back to single-names by the 5th century.{{Sfn|Salway|1994}}}} ! scope=col width="26%" | Reign ! scope=col width="50%" | Notes |- | [[File:Restored head of Valentinian I (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=coin]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Valentinian I]]''' "the Great"<br/>{{Small|''Valentinianus''}} | 25/26 February 364 – 17 November 375<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|364|2|25|375|11|17}})<br/>'''Whole'''; then '''West'''}} | Born in 321. An officer under Julian and Jovian, he was elected by the army upon Jovian's death. He soon appointed his younger brother Valens as Emperor of the East, while he himself ruled in the West. Died of [[cerebral haemorrhage]] in 375. |- | [[File:INC-1867-a Солид. Валент II. Ок. 375—378 гг. (аверс).png|100px|alt=coin]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Valens]]''' | 28 March 364 – 9 August 378<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|364|3|28|378|8|9}}; '''East''')}} | Born in 328, Valens was not especially fit for the imperial office if Ammianus can be believed, but he was appointed Emperor of the East in 364 by his elder brother Valentinian I, who wanted a malleable colleague in the other half of the Empire.{{sfn|Lee|2013|pp=21–22}}{{efn|While some historians attribute the division of the Roman Empire into East and West after Theodosius the Great split the throne between his sons, the year 364 probably more accurately marks the point at which the Empire was actually divided.{{sfn|Lee|2013|p=23}} }} Following Valentinians's death in 375, his son Gratian succeeded him. Meanwhile, Valens faced the challenge of the invading Huns, whose ferocity pushed the Gothic tribes to seek refuge within the Empire; Valens allowed them to settle on the condition that they become allies to the Empire.{{sfn|Morgan|2007|pp=42–43}} When the Goths were mistreated at Roman hands and rebelled, Valens proceeded to face them without awaiting assistance from Gratian's armies and was killed at the [[Battle of Adrianople]].{{sfn|Morgan|2007|pp=43–45}} |- ! colspan=4 | |- | style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[File:INC-1866-a Солид. Прокопий. Ок. 365—366 гг. (аверс).png|100px|alt=coin]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB" | '''[[Procopius (usurper)|Procopius]]''' ({{Hash-tag}}) | style="background:#EBEBEB" | 28 September 365 – 27 May 366<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|365|9|28|366|5|27}}; '''East''')}} | style="background:#EBEBEB" | Maternal cousin of Julian; revolted against Valens and captured Constantinople, where the people proclaimed him emperor. Deposed, captured and executed by Valens.{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 742–743|2a1=Kienast|2a2=Eck|2a3=Heil|2p=318}} |}
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