Editing Liechtenstein (section)

=== Early history ===
[[File:Liechtenstein asv2022-10 img25 Balzers Burg Gutenberg.jpg|thumb|[[Gutenberg Castle]], Balzers, Liechtenstein]]
[[File:Castillo, Vaduz, Liechtenstein, 2022-10-23, DD 65.jpg|thumb|[[Vaduz Castle]], overlooking the capital, is home to the [[Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein|Prince of Liechtenstein]].]]
[[File:Johann Josef I von Liechtenstein.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein]] from 1805 to 1806 and 1814 to 1836, by [[Johann Baptist von Lampi the Elder]]. [[Liechtenstein Museum]], Vienna]]

The oldest traces of human existence in the area of present-day Liechtenstein date back to the [[Middle Paleolithic]] era.<ref name="Early">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100419174957/http://www.swissworld.org/en/history/prehistory_to_romans/prehistoric_times/ History]. swissworld.org. Retrieved 27 June 2009</ref> [[Neolithic]] farming settlements appeared in the valleys around 5300 BCE.

The [[Hallstatt culture|Hallstatt]] and [[La Tène culture]]s flourished during the late [[Iron Age]], from around 450 BCE—possibly under some influence of both the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] and [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] civilisations. One of the most important tribal groups in the Alpine region were the [[Helvetii]]. In 58 BCE, at the [[Battle of Bibracte]], [[Julius Caesar]] defeated the Alpine tribes, thereby bringing the region under [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] subjugation. By 15 BCE, [[Tiberius]]—later the second Roman emperor—with his brother, [[Nero Claudius Drusus|Drusus]], conquered the entire Alpine area.<ref name="Römerzeit – Historisches Lexikon">{{Cite web |title=Römerzeit – Historisches Lexikon |url=https://historisches-lexikon.li/R%C3%B6merzeit |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=historisches-lexikon.li |language=de}}</ref>

Liechtenstein then became integrated into the [[Roman province]] of [[Raetia]]. The area was garrisoned by the [[Imperial Roman army|Roman army]], which maintained large legionary camps at [[Bregenz|Brigantium]] (Bregenz, Austria), near [[Lake Constance]], and at [[Maienfeld|Magia]] (Maienfeld, Switzerland). The Romans built and maintained a [[Roman road|road]] which ran through the territory. Around 260 CE Brigantium was destroyed by the [[Alemanni]], a [[Germanic people]] who later settled in the area around 450.<ref name="Römerzeit – Historisches Lexikon"/>

In the [[Early Middle Ages]], the Alemanni settled the eastern [[Swiss plateau]] by the 5th century and the [[valleys of the Alps]] by the end of the 8th century, with Liechtenstein located at the eastern edge of [[Alamannia]]. In the 6th century the entire region became part of the [[Frankish Empire]] following [[Clovis I|Clovis&nbsp;I]]'s victory over the Alemanni at [[Tolbiac]] in 504.<ref name="Nationsencyclopedia">[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/Switzerland-HISTORY.html Switzerland history] Nationsencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 27 November 2009</ref><ref name="Nationsonline">[http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Switzerland-history.htm History of Switzerland] Nationsonline.org. Retrieved 27 November 2009.</ref>

The area that later became Liechtenstein remained under Frankish hegemony ([[Merovingians|Merovingian]] and [[Carolingian Empire|Carolingian]] dynasties) until the [[Treaty of Verdun]] divided the Carolingian empire in 843, following the death of [[Charlemagne]] in 814.<ref name = Early /> The territory of present-day Liechtenstein formed part of [[East Francia]]. It would later be reunified with [[Middle Francia]] under the [[Holy Roman Empire]], around 1000.<ref name = Early /> Until about 1100, the predominant language of the area was [[Romansh language|Romansch]], but thereafter [[German language|German]] began to gain ground in the territory. In 1300, another Alemannic population—the [[Walser]]s, who originated in [[Valais]]—entered the region and settled; the mountain village of [[Triesenberg]] today preserves features of the [[Walser German|Walser dialect]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Klieger |first=P. Christiaan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CrfwGa4aCwYC |title=The Microstates of Europe: Designer Nations in a Post-Modern World |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-0-7391-7427-2 |series=Anthropology, political science |location=Lanham, Maryland |publication-date=2012 |page=41 |chapter=Principality of Liechtenstein |date=29 November 2012 |quote=In 1300, the Walsers, a mountain-dwelling Alemannic speaking group from Valais in Switzerland, entered and inhabited the modern eastern Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and Vorarlberg, Austria. The mountain village of Triesenberg is a modern preserve of the Walser people and their dialect. |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>