Editing Liberation theology (section)

=== Latin American ===
{{Main|Latin American liberation theology}}
Liberation theology developed within the [[Catholic Church]] in [[Latin America]] in the 1960s, as a reaction to the poverty and [[social injustice]] in the region, which [[United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean|CEPAL]] deemed the [[Wealth inequality in Latin America|most unequal in the world]].<ref>{{Cite book|url= https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/2593-proteccion-social-inclusiva-america-latina-mirada-integral-un-enfoque-derechos|title= Protección social inclusiva en América Latina : una mirada integral, un enfoque de derechos|date= March 1, 2011|publisher= CEPAL|language= es|isbn= 978-921054555-6|access-date= November 11, 2020|archive-date= January 9, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210109102223/https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/2593-proteccion-social-inclusiva-america-latina-mirada-integral-un-enfoque-derechos|url-status= live}}</ref> The term was coined in 1971 by the [[Peruvian]] priest [[Gustavo Gutiérrez]], who wrote one of the movement's defining books, ''[[A Theology of Liberation]]''. Other exponents include [[Leonardo Boff]] of Brazil, and Jesuits [[Jon Sobrino]] of [[El Salvador]] and [[Juan Luis Segundo]] of Uruguay.<ref>Richard P. McBrien, ''Catholicism'' (Harper Collins, 1994), chapter IV.</ref><ref>Gustavo Gutierrez, ''A Theology of Liberation'', 1st (Spanish) ed. Lima, Peru, 1971; 1st English ed. [[Orbis Books]] (Maryknoll, New York), 1973.</ref>

Latin American liberation theology influenced parts of the [[Evangelicalism in the United States|evangelical movement]] and Catholic bishops in the United States.<ref name="chomsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNDG7ErY-k4 |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/SNDG7ErY-k4| archive-date=December 11, 2021 |url-status=live|title=Chomsky on Religion |last=Travis Kitchens |date= June 21, 2010|access-date= October 17, 2017|via= YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Its reliance on "[[Marxism#Concepts|Marxism]]" led in the mid-1980s to an admonition by the [[Holy See|Vatican]]'s [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] (CDF).  While stating that "in itself, the expression 'theology of liberation' is a thoroughly valid term",<ref>{{Cite web|title= Instruction on certain aspects of the "Theology of Liberation"|url= https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19840806_theology-liberation_en.html|access-date= July 10, 2020|publisher= Vatican|archive-date= June 27, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200627230819/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19840806_theology-liberation_en.html|url-status= live}}</ref> the prefect [[Cardinal Ratzinger]] rejected certain forms of Latin American liberation theology for focusing on institutionalized or systemic sin and for identifying Catholic Church hierarchy in South America as members of the same privileged class that had long been oppressing Indigenous populations from the arrival of [[Francisco Pizarro|Pizarro]] onward.<ref name="Wojda, Paul J. 1995">Wojda, Paul J., "Liberation theology," in R.P. McBrien, ed., ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' (Harper Collins, 1995).</ref>