Editing Levittown, New York (section)

=== Overview ===
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The building firm, Levitt & Sons, headed by Abraham Levitt and his two sons, William and Alfred, built four planned communities called "Levittown", in [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Levittown, Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], [[Willingboro Township, New Jersey|New Jersey]] (now [[Willingboro Township]]), and [[Levittown, Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]]; the Levittown in New York was the first. Additionally, Levitt & Sons' designs are featured prominently in the older portion of [[Buffalo Grove, Illinois]]; [[Vernon Hills, Illinois]]; the Belair section of [[Bowie, Maryland]]; and the Greenbriar section of [[Fairfax, Virginia]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

The Levitt firm began before World War II, as a builder of custom homes in upper middle-class communities on Long Island. During the war, however, the home building industry languished under a general embargo on private use of scarce raw materials. William "Bill" Levitt served in the Navy in the [[Seabees]] – the service's construction battalions – and developed expertise in the mass-produced building of military housing using uniform and interchangeable parts. He was insistent that a postwar building boom would require similar mass-produced housing, and was able to purchase options on large swaths of onion and potato fields in undeveloped sections of Long Island.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levittownhistoricalsociety.org/history.htm |title=A Brief History of Levittown, New York |work=Levittown Historical Society |access-date=December 30, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220063637/http://www.levittownhistoricalsociety.org/history.htm |archive-date=December 20, 2008 }}</ref>

Returning to the firm after war's end, Bill Levitt persuaded his father and brother to embrace the utilitarian system of construction he had learned in the Navy. With his brother, Alfred, who was an architect, he designed a small one-floor house with an unfinished "expansion attic" that could be rapidly constructed and as rapidly rented to returning GIs and their young families.  Levitt & Sons built the community with an eye towards speed, efficiency, and cost-effective construction; these methods led to a production rate of 30 houses a day by July 1948.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/readings/Jackson_BabyBoom.pdf 
 |title=The Baby Boom and the Age of the Subdivision 
 |year=1985 
 |last=Jackson 
 |first=Kenneth T. 
 |access-date=January 12, 2009 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720114703/http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/readings/Jackson_BabyBoom.pdf 
 |archive-date=July 20, 2011 
 |df=mdy 
}}</ref>
They used pre-cut lumber and nails shipped from their own factories in [[Blue Lake, California]], and built on concrete slabs, as they had done in a previous planned community in [[Norfolk, Virginia]]. This necessitated negotiating a change in the building code which, prior to the building of this community, did not permit concrete slabs. Given the urgent need for housing in the region, the town agreed. Levitt & Sons also controversially utilized non-[[trade union|union]] contractors in the project, a move which provoked picket lines. On the other hand, they paid their workers well and offered multiple incentives that allowed them to earn extra money, so that they often could earn twice as much a week as elsewhere.<ref>Halberstam, David (1993–1994) ''The Fifties'', New York. p.138</ref> The company also cut out middlemen and purchased many items, including lumber and televisions, directly from manufacturers. The building of every house was reduced to 26 steps, with sub-contractors responsible for each step. His mass production of thousands of houses at virtually the same time allowed Levitt to sell them, with kitchens fully stocked with modern appliances, and a television in the living room, for as little as $8,000 each (equal to ${{Inflation|US|8000|1947|fmt=c}} today), which, with the [[G.I. Bill]] and federal housing subsidies, reduced the up-front cost of a house to many buyers to around $400 (equal to ${{Inflation|US|400|1947|fmt=c}} today).<ref name= triumph>{{cite triumph|pages+173-177}}</ref>

The planned 2,000-home rental community was quickly successful, with the ''[[New York Herald Tribune]]'' reporting that half of the properties had been rented within two days of the community being announced on May 7, 1947. As demand continued, exceeding availability, the Levitts expanded their project with 4,000 more homes, as well as community services, including schools and postal delivery. With the full implementation of federal government supports for housing, administered under the [[Federal Housing Administration]] (FHA), the Levitt firm switched from rental to sale of their houses, offering ownership on a 30-year mortgage with no down payment and monthly costs the same as rental. The resulting surge in demand pressed the firm to further expand its development, which changed its name from Island Trees to Levittown shortly thereafter.

Levittown was designed to provide a large amount of housing at a time when there was a high demand for affordable family homes.<ref>Gans, Herbert, J. (1967) ''The Levittowners: Ways of Life and Politics in a New Suburban Community''. New York: Pantheon Books. p.3</ref> This suburban development would become a symbol of the "[[American Dream]]" as it allowed thousands of families to become home owners.

==== Unsuccessful incorporation proposals ====
In 1952, [[Carl Sigman]], who was running as the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] candidate for county executive, stated that he felt it would be wise for Levittown to become incorporated as a city.<ref name=":0" /> If successful, this would have been the third city to be incorporated within Nassau County, joining [[Glen Cove, New York|Glen Cove]] and [[Long Beach, New York|Long Beach]].<ref name=":0" />

Previously, locals had proposed incorporating their hamlet as a village.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 27, 1949|title=Levittown Civics Shelve Village Plan|work=[[Newsday]]|via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref>