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Leo Brouwer
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==Composing and performing== In his early compositions, Brouwer remained close to the rhythms of Cuban music, while later he was drawn to [[aleatoric music]]. During the 1960s and 70s, he became interested in the music of [[modernism|modernist]] composers such as [[Luigi Nono (composer)|Luigi Nono]] and [[Iannis Xenakis]], using indeterminacy in works such as ''Sonograma I''. Other works from this period include the guitar pieces ''Canticum'' (1968), ''La espiral eterna'' (1971), ''Parábola'' (1973) and ''Tarantos'' (1974). More recently, Brouwer's works have leaned towards [[tonality]] and [[Musical mode|modality]]. The solo guitar works ''El Decamerón Negro'' (1981), ''Paisaje cubano con campanas'' (1986), and the ''Sonata'' (1990; for [[Julian Bream]]) exemplify this tendency. His playing career ended in the early 1980s due to an injury to a tendon in his right hand middle finger.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guitaralive.org/playlist_06_12_12.html |title=Classical Guitar Alive! Play Lists |website=Guitaralive.org |access-date=2020-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guitarramagazine.com/ReapraisalTutor#unique |title=Guitarra Magazine - an online Guitar Publication - Practice - Performance - Technique |website=www.guitarramagazine.com |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060305044556/http://www.guitarramagazine.com/ReapraisalTutor#unique |archive-date=5 March 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Brouwer has written for guitar, piano, and percussion, and has composed orchestral works, ballet, and music for over one hundred movies, including the film ''[[Like Water for Chocolate (film)|Like Water for Chocolate]]''.<ref name="Bergeron" /> For a guitar competition in Hungary in 1979, he wrote a composition that employed 200 guitarists. He is known for a series of studies called the Etudes Simples.<ref name="Whitesel" /> Brouwer has also transcribed Beatles songs for classical guitar.<ref name="Bergeron" /> He has performed and recorded works by [[Sylvano Bussotti]], [[Hans Werner Henze]], [[Maurice Ohana]], [[Cristóbal Halffter]], [[Leni Alexander]], [[Cornelius Cardew]], and [[Heitor Villa-Lobos]].<ref>[http://www.deutschegrammophon.com/webseries/?ID=20-21&PRODUCT_NR=4715892 Rara] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424221849/http://www.deutschegrammophon.com/webseries/?ID=20-21&PRODUCT_NR=4715892 |date=2011-04-24 }} Recording by Leo Brouwer</ref>
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