Editing Left-wing politics (section)

=== Economics ===
{{see also|Anarchist economics|Comparison of Marxian and Keynesian economics|Socialist economics}}
Left-leaning economic beliefs range from [[Keynesian]] economics and the [[welfare state]] through [[industrial democracy]] and the [[social market]] to the [[nationalization]] of the economy and [[Planned economy|central planning]],<ref>{{cite book|author-first=Andrew |author-last=Glyn |title=Social Democracy in Neoliberal Times: The Left and Economic Policy since 1980 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-924138-5}}</ref> to the [[anarcho-syndicalist]] advocacy of a council-based and self-managed [[anarchist communism]]. During the [[Industrial Revolution]], leftists supported [[trade union]]s. At the beginning of the 20th century, many leftists advocated strong government intervention in the economy.<ref>{{cite book|author-last1=Beinhocker |author-first1=Eric D. |title=The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics |date=2006 |publisher=[[Harvard Business Press|Harvard Business School Press]] |location=Boston, Mass. |isbn=978-1-57851-777-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/originofwealthev00bein/page/316 316] |url=https://archive.org/details/originofwealthev00bein/page/316}}</ref> Leftists continue to criticize the perceived exploitative nature of [[globalization]], the "[[race to the bottom]]" and unjust lay-offs and exploitation of workers. In the last quarter of the 20th century, the belief that the government (ruling in accordance with the interests of the people) ought to be directly involved in the day-to-day workings of an economy declined in popularity amongst the [[centre-left]], especially [[social democrats]] who adopted the [[Third Way]]. Left-wing politics are typically associated with popular or state control of major political and economic institutions.<ref>{{cite web |date=2009-04-15 |title=Left |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/left |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |language=en |quote= |archive-date=27 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127205533/https://www.britannica.com/topic/left |url-status=live }}</ref>

Other leftists believe in [[Marxian economics]], named after the economic theories of [[Karl Marx]]. Some distinguish Marx's economic theories from his political philosophy, arguing that Marx's approach to understanding the economy is independent of his advocacy of [[revolutionary socialism]] or his belief in the inevitability of a [[proletarian revolution]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Neo-Marxian Schools |publisher=[[The New School]] |url=http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/schools/neomarx.htm |access-date=23 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416234151/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/schools/neomarx.htm |archive-date=16 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author-last=Munro |author-first=John |title=Some Basic Principles of Marxian Economics |publisher=[[University of Toronto]] |url=http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~munro5/MARXECON.htm |access-date=23 August 2007 |archive-date=20 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020054744/http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~munro5/MARXECON.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Marxian economics do not exclusively rely on Marx and draw from a range of Marxist and non-Marxist sources. The ''[[dictatorship of the proletariat]]'' and ''[[workers' state]]'' are terms used by some Marxists, particularly [[Leninists]] and [[Marxist–Leninists]], to describe what they see as a temporary state between the [[capitalist]] [[State of affairs (sociology)|state of affairs]] and a [[communist society]]. Marx defined the proletariat as salaried workers, in contrast to the [[lumpenproletariat]], who he defined as the outcasts of society such as beggars, tricksters, entertainers, buskers, criminals and prostitutes.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9049344/Lumpenproletariat |title=Lumpenproletariat |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=23 June 2022 |archive-date=7 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007203133/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9049344/Lumpenproletariat |url-status=live }}</ref> The political relevance of farmers has divided the left. In {{Lang|de|[[Das Kapital]]}}, Marx scarcely mentioned the subject.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,939251-2,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206174159/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,939251-2,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 February 2009 |title=Communists: Marxism Fails on the Farm |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=13 October 1961 |access-date=3 June 2017}}</ref> [[Mikhail Bakunin]] thought the [[lumpenproletariat]] was a revolutionary class, while [[Mao Zedong]] believed that it would be rural peasants, not urban workers, who would bring about the [[proletarian revolution]].

[[Left-libertarians]], [[anarchists]] and [[libertarian socialists]] believe in a [[decentralized]] economy run by [[trade unions]], [[workers' councils]], [[cooperatives]], [[municipalities]] and communes, opposing both [[State ownership|state]] and [[Private property|private]] control of the economy, preferring [[social ownership]] and local control in which a nation of decentralized regions is united in a [[confederation]]. The [[global justice movement]], also known as the [[anti-globalisation movement]] and the [[alter-globalisation]] movement, protests against [[corporate]] [[economic globalisation]] due to its negative consequences for the poor, workers, the environment, and small businesses.<ref>{{cite book|author-first=Tom |author-last=Mertes |title=A Movement of Movements |location=New York |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |date=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-last=Krishna-Hensel |author-first=Sai |year=2006 |title=Global Cooperation: Challenges and Opportunities in the Twenty-first Century |publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]] |page=202}}</ref><ref name="Juris">{{cite book|author-last=Juris |author-first=Jeffrey S. |year=2008 |title=Networking Futures: The Movements against Corporate Globalization |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham |isbn=978-0-8223-4269-4 |page=2}}</ref>

Leftists generally believe in innovation in various technological and philosophical fields and disciplines to help causes they support.<ref name=":0" />