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=== Indian philosophy === The [[Buddhist]] [[Tripitaka]] attributes to [[Mahavira|Nigaṇṭha Nātaputta]], who lived in the 6th century BCE, the implicit formulation of the law of noncontradiction, “‘See how upright, honest and sincere Citta, the householder, is’; and, a little later, he also says: ‘See how Citta, the householder, is not upright, honest or sincere.’ To this, Citta replies: ‘if your former statement is true, your latter statement is false and if your latter statement is true, your former statement is false.’” Early explicit formulations of the law of noncontradiction were [[ontology|ontic]], with later 2nd century Buddhist philosopher [[Nagarjuna]] stating “when something is a single thing, it cannot be both existent and non-existent” similar to Aristotle’s own ontic formulation that “that a thing cannot at the same time be and not be”.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gillon |first=Brendan |title=Logic in Classical Indian Philosophy |date=2011|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/Archives/Spr2012/entries/logic-india/ |encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |edition=Spring 2024 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=2024-03-03}}.</ref>
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