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===Early years=== Zheng Chenggong was born in 1624 in [[Hirado]], [[Hizen Province]], Japan, to [[Zheng Zhilong]],<ref>{{cite book|title=The China Review, Or, Notes and Queries on the Far East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yBZBAQAAMAAJ&q=father+Koxinga%27s+victory+was+regarded+as+a+second+Japanese+conquest+of+the+Dutch.%22&pg=PA346|year=1884|publisher="China Mail" Office|pages=346–}}</ref> a [[Han Chinese]] merchant from [[Fujian]], [[Ming dynasty]] [[China]]<ref>{{cite book |title=THe Orient |year=1950|publisher=Orient Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6uhFAAAAMAAJ&q=father+Koxinga%27s+victory+was+regarded+as+a+second+Japanese+conquest+of+the+Dutch.%22 |page=20}}</ref> and a local [[Japanese people|Japanese]] woman<ref>{{cite book |author1=Marius B. Jansen |title=China in the Tokugawa World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=11dbNDpaxOAC&q=koxinga |year=1992 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-11753-2 |page=26}}</ref> known only by her surname "Tagawa",<ref>{{harvp|Croizier|1977|p=11}}; {{harvp|Keene|1950|p=45}}.</ref> probably [[Tagawa Matsu]].{{sfnp|Andrade|2005|loc=§ 7}} He was raised there until the age of seven with the Japanese name '''Fukumatsu''' (福松)<ref name=hirado-net>{{cite web|title=1.鄭成功の足跡と鄭成功が結ぶ友好国 |url=http://www.hirado-net.com/teiseikou/about.php |publisher=Tei-Sei-Kou Memorial Museum|access-date=24 October 2015|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829070556/http://www.hirado-net.com/teiseikou/about.php |archive-date=29 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Shiba2007">{{cite book |author=Ryōtarō Shiba|title=The Tatar Whirlwind: A Novel of Seventeenth-century East Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJ0PAAAAYAAJ&q=tagawa+hirado|year=2007|publisher=Floating World Editions|isbn=978-1-891640-46-9 |pages=426}}</ref> and then moved back to his ancestrial Fujian province.{{sfn|Andrade|2005}} In 1638, Zheng became a ''[[Xiucai]]'' ({{lang|zh-hant|秀才}}, lit. "successful candidate") in the [[imperial examination]] and became one of the twelve ''Linshansheng'' ({{lang|zh-hant|廩膳生}}) of [[Nan'an, Fujian|Nan'an]]. In 1641, he married the niece of Dong Yangxian, an official who was a ''[[Jinshi]]'' from [[Hui'an County|Hui'an]]. In 1644, he studied at the ''[[Guozijian]]'' (Imperial University), where he met and became a student of the famous scholar [[Qian Qianyi]], one of the [[Three Masters of Jiangdong]].{{sfnp|Croizier|1977|p=12}}<ref>Carioti, "The Zhengs' Maritime Power in the International Context of the 17th Century Far East Seas: The Rise of a 'Centralised Piratical Organisation' and Its Gradual Development into an Informal 'State'", p. 41, n. 29.</ref>
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