Editing Kingston upon Hull (section)

===Wyke and wool trade===
Kingston upon Hull stands on the north bank of the [[Humber Estuary]] at the mouth of its tributary, the [[River Hull]]. The valley of the River Hull has been inhabited since the early [[Neolithic]] period but there is little evidence of a substantial settlement in the area of the present city.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.hull.ac.uk/wetlands/hull.htm
|title = Wetland Heritage of the Hull Valley
|publisher = Wetland Archaeology and Environments Research Centre, Dept. of Geography, University of Hull
|date = 16 February 2006
|access-date = 16 February 2008
|archive-date = 15 September 2007
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070915121644/http://www.hull.ac.uk/wetlands/hull.htm
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> The area was attractive to people because it gave access to a prosperous [[hinterland]] and navigable rivers but the site was poor, being remote, low-lying and with no fresh water. It was originally an outlying part of the hamlet of Myton, named Wyke. The name is thought to originate either from a Scandinavian word ''Vik'' meaning inlet or from the Saxon ''Wic'' meaning dwelling place or refuge.<ref>
{{cite book
|title = Medieval Hull: A History of the County of York East Riding: Volume 1: The City of Kingston upon Hull
|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66771#s2
|year = 1969
|pages = 11–85
|access-date = 25 February 2011
|via = British History Online
|publisher = University of London & History of Parliament Trust}}
</ref><ref>{{cite book
|title = Notices relative to the early history of the town and port of Hull
|first = Charles
|last = Frost
|author-link = Charles Frost (antiquary)
|publisher = J. B. Nichols
|year = 1827
|chapter = II. Of the name and state of the Town antecedently to the period of its supposed foundation in the year 1296
|pages = 5–28
|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lQ0WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5}}
</ref>

[[File:The Fortifications of Hull between 1321 and 1864, illustration 1.jpg|thumb|left|The urban growth of Hull between the 13th and 14th centuries<ref>{{cite journal |last=Evans |first=D.&nbsp;H. |date=2018 |title=The Fortifications of Hull between 1321 and 1864 |journal=Archaeological Journal |language=en |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=89 |doi=10.1080/00665983.2017.1368156|s2cid=165517742 |doi-access=free }}</ref>]]

The River Hull was a good haven for shipping, whose trade included the export of wool from [[Meaux Abbey]], which owned Myton. In 1293, the town of Wyke was acquired from the abbey by King Edward I, who, on 1 April 1299, granted it a [[royal charter]] that renamed the settlement ''King's town upon Hull'' or Kingston upon Hull. The charter is preserved in the archives of the [[Guildhall, Kingston upon Hull|Guildhall]].<ref name="VCHULL">{{cite book
|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=549
|title = A History of the County of York East Riding: Volume 1 – The City of Kingston upon Hull
|series = [[Victoria County History]]
|access-date = 2 July 2008
|editor-last = Allison
|editor-first = K.&nbsp;J.
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|oclc = 504890087
|year = 1969
|archive-date = 7 October 2014
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141007131658/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=549
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> When first created, the borough straddled the [[ancient parish]]es of [[Hessle]] and [[North Ferriby]], but was remote from either parish church. A [[chapel of ease]] dedicated to Holy Trinity was built to serve the part of the borough in Hessle parish; that church subsequently became [[Hull Minster]]. [[St Mary's Church, Hull|St Mary's Church]] similarly began as a chapel of ease for the part of the borough in North Ferriby parish.<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of the County of York East Riding: Volume 1, The City of Kingston upon Hull |date=1969 |publisher=Victoria County History |location=London |pages=1–10 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/east/vol1/pp1-10 |access-date=7 July 2024}}</ref>

In 1440, a further charter [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] the town and instituted local government consisting of a mayor, a sheriff and twelve [[alderman|aldermen]].<ref name="VCHULL"/>

In his ''Guide to Hull (1817)'', J. C. Craggs provides a colourful background to Edward's acquisition and naming of the town. He writes that the King and a hunting party started a hare which "led them along the delightful banks of the River Hull to the hamlet of Wyke ... [Edward], charmed with the scene before him, viewed with delight the advantageous situation of this hitherto neglected and obscure corner. He foresaw it might become subservient both to render the kingdom more secure against foreign invasion, and at the same time greatly to enforce its commerce". Pursuant to these thoughts, Craggs continues, Edward purchased the land from the Abbot of Meaux, had a manor hall built for himself, issued proclamations encouraging development within the town, and bestowed upon it the royal appellation, ''King's Town''.<ref name="Craggs">{{cite book
|last = Craggs
|first = John
|title = Craggs's guide to Hull. A description, historical and topographical, of the town, county, and vicinity of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull
|publisher = Thomas Wilson and Sons
|location = Hull
|oclc = 557289691
|year = 1817
|page = 1}}
</ref>