Editing Kidney (section)

===Gross anatomy===
[[File:KidneyStructures PioM.svg|thumb|300px|right|
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1.&nbsp;[[Renal pyramid]] •
2.&nbsp;[[Interlobular artery]] •
3.&nbsp;[[Renal artery]] •
4.&nbsp;[[Renal vein]]
5.&nbsp;[[Renal hilum]] •
6.&nbsp;[[Renal pelvis]] •
7.&nbsp;[[Ureter]] •
8.&nbsp;[[Minor calyx]] •
9.&nbsp;[[Renal capsule]] •
10.&nbsp;[[Inferior renal capsule]] •
11.&nbsp;[[Superior renal capsule]] •
12.&nbsp;[[Interlobular vein]]{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} •
13.&nbsp;[[Nephron]] •
14.&nbsp;[[Renal sinus]] •
15.&nbsp;[[Major calyx]] •
16.&nbsp;[[Renal papilla]] •
17.&nbsp;[[Renal column]]
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The functional substance, or [[Parenchyma#Renal parenchyma|parenchyma]], of the human kidney is divided into two major structures: the outer [[renal cortex]] and the inner [[renal medulla]]. Grossly, these structures take the shape of eight to 18 cone-shaped [[renal lobe]]s, each containing renal cortex surrounding a portion of medulla called a [[renal pyramid]].<ref name="boron">{{cite book | vauthors = Boron WF |title=Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4160-2328-9 }}</ref> Between the renal pyramids are projections of cortex called [[renal column]]s.

The tip, or [[renal papilla|papilla]], of each pyramid empties urine into a [[minor calyx]]; minor calyces empty into [[major calyces]], and major calyces empty into the [[renal pelvis]]. This becomes the ureter. At the hilum, the ureter and renal vein exit the kidney and the renal artery enters. Hilar fat and lymphatic tissue with lymph nodes surround these structures. The hilar fat is contiguous with a fat-filled cavity called the [[renal sinus]]. The renal sinus collectively contains the renal pelvis and calyces and separates these structures from the renal medullary tissue.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Clapp WL | chapter = Renal Anatomy | veditors = Zhou XJ, Laszik Z, Nadasdy T, D'Agati VD, Silva FG | title = Silva's Diagnostic Renal Pathology | location = New York| publisher = Cambridge University Press | date = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-521-87702-2 }}</ref>

The kidneys possess no overtly moving structures.

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File:Right kidney seen on abdominal ultrasound.jpg|Normal adult right kidney as seen on [[abdominal ultrasound]] with a pole to pole measurement of 9.34&nbsp;cm
File:CTscankidney.jpg|A [[CT scan]] of the abdomen showing the position of the kidneys. The left cross-section in the upper abdomen shows the [[liver]] on the left side of scan (right side of body). Center: cross-section showing the kidneys below the liver and spleen. Right: further cross-section through the left kidney.
File:Slide42222.JPG|Image showing the structures that the kidney lies near
File:Left kidney.jpg|Cross-section through a [[cadaver]]ic specimen showing the position of the kidneys
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