Editing Keratin (section)

== Genes ==
{{Cleanup section|reason=Not particularly helpful to dump a big list of KRT genes here. Using the source a bit more to explain what each gene and each zone of genes mean will be helpful, as we currently have no particular examples of a hair keratin.|date=October 2022}}
[[File:Chromosome 12.svg|thumb|The neutral&ndash;basic keratins are encoded on chromosome 12 (12q13.13).|left| 200x200px]]
[[File:Chromosome 17.svg|thumb|The acidic keratins are encoded on chromosome 17 (17q21.2).|right|200x200px]]
The [[human genome]] encodes 54 functional keratin [[gene]]s, located in two clusters on [[chromosome]]s 12 and 17. This suggests that they originated from a series of gene duplications on these chromosomes.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moll R, Divo M, Langbein L | title = The human keratins: biology and pathology | journal = Histochemistry and Cell Biology | volume = 129 | issue = 6 | pages = 705–733 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18461349 | pmc = 2386534 | doi = 10.1007/s00418-008-0435-6 }}</ref>

The keratins include the following proteins of which [[KRT23]], [[KRT24]], [[KRT25]], [[KRT26]], [[KRT27]], [[KRT28]], [[KRT31]], [[KRT32]], [[KRT33A]], [[KRT33B]], [[KRT34]], [[KRT35]], [[KRT36]], [[KRT37]], [[KRT38]], [[KRT39]], [[KRT40]], [[KRT71]], [[KRT72]], [[KRT73]], [[KRT74]], [[KRT75]], [[KRT76]], [[KRT77]], [[KRT78]], [[KRT79]], [[KRT8]], [[KRT80]], [[KRT81]], [[KRT82]], [[KRT83]], [[KRT84]], [[KRT85]] and [[KRT86]] have been used to describe keratins past 20.<ref name="Schweizer_2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Schweizer J, Bowden PE, Coulombe PA, Langbein L, Lane EB, Magin TM, Maltais L, Omary MB, Parry DA, Rogers MA, Wright MW | title = New consensus nomenclature for mammalian keratins | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 174 | issue = 2 | pages = 169–174 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16831889 | pmc = 2064177 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.200603161 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Table of keratin genes and biological processes ([[GeneCards]])<ref>{{Cite web | title = GeneCards - Human Genes {{!}} Gene Database|url=https://genecards.org/|access-date=2023-05-08|archive-date=2023-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513220853/https://www.genecards.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
!Symbol
!Biological process
|-
|KRT1
|complement activation, lectin pathway
|-
|KRT1
|retina homeostasis
|-
|KRT1
|response to oxidative stress
|-
|KRT1
|peptide cross-linking
|-
|KRT1
|keratinization
|-
|KRT1
|fibrinolysis
|-
|KRT1
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT1
|regulation of angiogenesis
|-
|KRT1
|negative regulation of inflammatory response
|-
|KRT1
|protein heterotetramerization
|-
|KRT1
|establishment of skin barrier
|-
|KRT10
|morphogenesis of an epithelium
|-
|KRT10
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT10
|peptide cross-linking
|-
|KRT10
|keratinocyte differentiation
|-
|KRT10
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT10
|positive regulation of epidermis development
|-
|KRT10
|protein heterotetramerization
|-
|KRT12
|morphogenesis of an epithelium
|-
|KRT12
|visual perception
|-
|KRT12
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT12
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT12
|cornea development in camera-type eye
|-
|KRT13
|cytoskeleton organization
|-
|KRT13
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT13
|regulation of translation in response to stress
|-
|KRT13
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT14
|aging
|-
|KRT14
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT14
|keratinocyte differentiation
|-
|KRT14
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT14
|hair cycle
|-
|KRT14
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT14
|intermediate filament bundle assembly
|-
|KRT14
|stem cell differentiation
|-
|KRT15
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT15
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT15
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT16
|morphogenesis of an epithelium
|-
|KRT16
|inflammatory response
|-
|KRT16
|cytoskeleton organization
|-
|KRT16
|aging
|-
|KRT16
|keratinocyte differentiation
|-
|KRT16
|negative regulation of cell migration
|-
|KRT16
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT16
|keratinization
|-
|KRT16
|hair cycle
|-
|KRT16
|innate immune response
|-
|KRT16
|intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization
|-
|KRT16
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT16
|keratinocyte migration
|-
|KRT16
|establishment of skin barrier
|-
|KRT17
|morphogenesis of an epithelium
|-
|KRT17
|positive regulation of cell growth
|-
|KRT17
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT17
|hair follicle morphogenesis
|-
|KRT17
|keratinization
|-
|KRT17
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT17
|positive regulation of translation
|-
|KRT17
|positive regulation of hair follicle development
|-
|KRT18
|cell cycle
|-
|KRT18
|anatomical structure morphogenesis
|-
|KRT18
|tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
|-
|KRT18
|obsolete Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
|-
|KRT18
|Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
|-
|KRT18
|negative regulation of apoptotic process
|-
|KRT18
|intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization
|-
|KRT18
|extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
|-
|KRT18
|hepatocyte apoptotic process
|-
|KRT18
|cell-cell adhesion
|-
|KRT19
|Notch signaling pathway
|-
|KRT19
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT19
|response to estrogen
|-
|KRT19
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT19
|sarcomere organization
|-
|KRT19
|cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development
|-
|KRT2
|keratinocyte development
|-
|KRT2
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT2
|peptide cross-linking
|-
|KRT2
|keratinization
|-
|KRT2
|keratinocyte activation
|-
|KRT2
|keratinocyte proliferation
|-
|KRT2
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT2
|positive regulation of epidermis development
|-
|KRT2
|keratinocyte migration
|-
|KRT20
|apoptotic process
|-
|KRT20
|cellular response to starvation
|-
|KRT20
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT20
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT20
|regulation of protein secretion
|-
|KRT23
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT23
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT24
|biological_process
|-
|KRT25
|cytoskeleton organization
|-
|KRT25
|aging
|-
|KRT25
|hair follicle morphogenesis
|-
|KRT25
|hair cycle
|-
|KRT25
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT26
|
|-
|KRT27
|biological_process
|-
|KRT27
|hair follicle morphogenesis
|-
|KRT27
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT28
|biological_process
|-
|KRT3
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT3
|keratinization
|-
|KRT3
|intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization
|-
|KRT3
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT31
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT31
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT31
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT32
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT32
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT32
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT33A
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT33A
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT33B
|aging
|-
|KRT33B
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT33B
|hair cycle
|-
|KRT33B
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT34
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT34
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT34
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT35
|anatomical structure morphogenesis
|-
|KRT35
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT35
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT36
|biological_process
|-
|KRT36
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT36
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT36
|regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
|-
|KRT37
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT37
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT38
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT38
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT39
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT39
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT4
|cytoskeleton organization
|-
|KRT4
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT4
|keratinization
|-
|KRT4
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT4
|negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
|-
|KRT40
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT40
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT5
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT5
|response to mechanical stimulus
|-
|KRT5
|regulation of cell migration
|-
|KRT5
|keratinization
|-
|KRT5
|regulation of protein localization
|-
|KRT5
|intermediate filament polymerization
|-
|KRT5
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT6A
|obsolete negative regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
|-
|KRT6A
|morphogenesis of an epithelium
|-
|KRT6A
|positive regulation of cell population proliferation
|-
|KRT6A
|cell differentiation
|-
|KRT6A
|keratinization
|-
|KRT6A
|wound healing
|-
|KRT6A
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT6A
|defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
|-
|KRT6A
|cytolysis by host of symbiont cells
|-
|KRT6A
|antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide
|-
|KRT6A
|negative regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell
|-
|KRT6B
|ectoderm development
|-
|KRT6B
|keratinization
|-
|KRT6B
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT6C
|keratinization
|-
|KRT6C
|intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization
|-
|KRT6C
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT7
|keratinization
|-
|KRT7
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT71
|hair follicle morphogenesis
|-
|KRT71
|keratinization
|-
|KRT71
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT72
|biological_process
|-
|KRT72
|keratinization
|-
|KRT72
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT73
|biological_process
|-
|KRT73
|keratinization
|-
|KRT73
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT74
|keratinization
|-
|KRT74
|intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization
|-
|KRT74
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT75
|hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
|-
|KRT75
|keratinization
|-
|KRT75
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT76
|cytoskeleton organization
|-
|KRT76
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT76
|keratinization
|-
|KRT76
|pigmentation
|-
|KRT76
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT76
|sebaceous gland development
|-
|KRT77
|biological_process
|-
|KRT77
|keratinization
|-
|KRT77
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT78
|keratinization
|-
|KRT78
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT79
|keratinization
|-
|KRT79
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT8
|keratinization
|-
|KRT8
|tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
|-
|KRT8
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT8
|sarcomere organization
|-
|KRT8
|response to hydrostatic pressure
|-
|KRT8
|response to other organism
|-
|KRT8
|cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development
|-
|KRT8
|extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
|-
|KRT8
|hepatocyte apoptotic process
|-
|KRT80
|keratinization
|-
|KRT80
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT81
|keratinization
|-
|KRT81
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT82
|biological_process
|-
|KRT82
|keratinization
|-
|KRT82
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT83
|aging
|-
|KRT83
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT83
|keratinization
|-
|KRT83
|hair cycle
|-
|KRT83
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT84
|hair follicle development
|-
|KRT84
|keratinization
|-
|KRT84
|nail development
|-
|KRT84
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT84
|regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
|-
|KRT85
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT85
|keratinization
|-
|KRT85
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT86
|keratinization
|-
|KRT86
|intermediate filament organization
|-
|KRT9
|spermatogenesis
|-
|KRT9
|epidermis development
|-
|KRT9
|epithelial cell differentiation
|-
|KRT9
|skin development
|-
|KRT9
|intermediate filament organization
|}
[[File:Human Keratins 1-8 Protein Alignment Rod Domain.tif|thumb|Protein sequence alignment of human keratin 1, 2A, 3,4, 5, 6A, 7, and 8 (KRT1 – KRT8). Only the first rod domain is shown above. Alignment was created using [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/ Clustal Omega].|centre|659x659px]]